Supplemental restraint system of airbags and seat belt pretensioners (SRS)
The Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) is specifically designed to provide protection for the driver and passenger from serious injuries to the face and upper body in the event of a serious collision. Optimum protection can only be achieved when the system is used in combination with a traditional three-point seat belt. Seat belts are an integral part of the SRS system.
The SRS uses an alternating current (AC) ignition system.
| Pos. | Spare Part No | Name |
| 1 | - | Passenger airbag module |
| 2 | - | Clock spring |
| 3 | - | Driver airbag module |
| 4 | - | Seat belt buckle and tensioner |
| 5 | - | Airbag control module |
| 6 | - | Shock sensor |
| Pos. | Spare Part No | Name |
| 1 | - | AIRBAG designation embossed on the seat upholstery |
| 2 | - | Side airbag module |
| 3 | - | Side impact sensor |
The driver, wearing a standard seat belt, should position the seat as far back as possible, so that he can hold the steering wheel with slightly bent arms. At the same time, there should be free space between the steering wheel and the driver.
A front passenger using a seat belt should not be positioned so that the air bag cover is in direct contact with the person's body.
The front air bags and seat belt pretensioners will deploy/deploy in the event of an impact that exceeds the deployment threshold, or in a direct frontal collision, or when the angle of impact is up to 30 degrees to the left or right side of the vehicle's centerline.
The airbag(s) and seat belt pretensioners are single-use devices. In a crash in which the airbag(s) and seat belt pretensioners deploy/deploy in the first impact, these components do not reduce the risk of injury in subsequent impacts.
In the event of a side impact that deploys the side airbags (if equipped), the front airbags will still deploy in a subsequent frontal impact, provided that the severity of the frontal impact exceeds the deployment threshold.
In certain situations, although the damage to the vehicle may appear to be extensive, the force of the impact may remain below the SRS deployment threshold and the airbags will not deploy. In such situations, the seat belts provide adequate protection for the driver and passengers.
The visible VIN plate, which shows the airbag symbol and the designation X1, X2 or X4 depending on the number of airbags installed, is attached to the edge of the instrument panel adjacent to the windshield.
The presence of side airbags in the vehicle configuration can be identified by the AIRBAG designation, embossed on the seat upholstery material next to the airbag module. A label is attached to the B-pillar next to the seat.
WARNING: All vehicles equipped with a front passenger air bag have a WARNING label on the instrument panel PROHIBITING the use of a rear-facing child seat.
Under no circumstances can the front passenger airbag be disabled while maintaining the integrity of the entire SRS system.
The SRS consists of the following elements:
- Airbag control module
- Dual-action front airbag modules
- Side airbag modules (if equipped)
- Seat belt tensioners
- Clock spring
- Shock sensor
- Side impact sensors (if equipped)
- Airbag warning light
Airbag control module
The airbag control module, located under the floor console, controls the operation of the entire system and performs continuous diagnostics of the system. Information on the force of the impact comes from the impact sensor and, in the case of a side impact, from the corresponding side impact sensor.
In the event of a frontal impact that exceeds a predetermined severity, the air bag control module evaluates the signal received from the impact sensor and deploys the front air bag modules and initiates deployment of the front seat belt pretensioners, depending on the severity of the impact.
In the event of a side impact that exceeds a predetermined value, the airbag control module evaluates the signal received from the side impact sensors and deploys the appropriate side airbag module depending on the nature of the impact.
In the event of a failure of the vehicle's electrical system during a crash, the air bag control module supplies auxiliary electrical power sufficient to deploy the air bag(s) for at least 150 ms. Electrical power from the vehicle battery continuously supplies auxiliary electrical power to the air bag control module and maintains all other SRS functions when the ignition is in the 'RUN' position. If the air bag control module detects a malfunction, the air bag indicator lamp illuminates. The behavior of the indicator lamp depends on the type of malfunction present.
After a collision in which the seat belt pretensioners deployed or the air bag(s) deployed, a new air bag control module must be installed.
Dual-action front airbag modules
| Pos. | Spare Part No | Name |
| 1 | - | Driver's first stage airbag electrical connector (black plug connector) |
| 2 | - | Electrical connector for driver's airbag stage 2 (green plug connector) |
| Pos. | Spare Part No | Name |
| 1 | - | Electrical connector for first stage passenger airbag (green plug connector) |
| 2 | - | Passenger Airbag Stage 2 Electrical Connector (Punctures Plug Connector) |
The driver airbag module is mounted to the steering wheel, with its cover being the outer surface of the steering wheel pad. The cover has visible 'separator lines' moulded into its surface which, when deployed, allow the airbag to pass through the cover easily.
After deployment, a new driver airbag module and airbag module electrical connector harness must be installed.
The passenger airbag module is located above the glove compartment and is attached to the vehicle's crossmember and instrument panel. The passenger airbag has a visible flap that allows the passenger airbag to easily exit when the system is deployed.
Inspect the instrument cluster for damage to the passenger airbag housing and install a new instrument cluster after deployment if necessary.
After deployment, a new passenger airbag module and airbag module electrical connector harness must be installed.
The driver and front passenger airbag modules each have two gas generators.
In the event of a frontal impact exceeding a predetermined severity, the airbag control module initiates the operation of the first stage gas generator of the driver airbag module. Deployment of the second stage depends on the severity of the accident. Based on the evaluation of these conditions, the second stage is deployed either 10 to 30 milliseconds or 100 milliseconds after the first stage is deployed.
The air bag control module also initiates deployment of the first stage inflator of the passenger air bag module. Deployment of the second stage depends on the severity of the crash. Based on the evaluation of these conditions, the second stage is deployed either 20 to 30 milliseconds or 100 milliseconds after the first stage is deployed.
The 100 millisecond deployment has little effect on airbag inflation, but is used as a "scavenge" feature to eliminate the risk of subsequent deployment.
Side airbag modules
The side airbag (if equipped) deploys on the same side from which the impact sensor sends a signal to the airbag control module. The side airbag module(s) are integrated into the front seatbacks to provide a seamless appearance. The unique design of the seat upholstery allows the airbag to deploy. When the side airbag deploys, a seam in the seat upholstery adjacent to the side airbag module separates, allowing the airbag to exit the seatback without obstruction.
After the side airbag has deployed, it is recommended to install a new seat.
When an airbag(s) deploys, it remains fully inflated for only a fraction of a second and immediately begins to deflate, dampening the impact on the occupant. The high inflation rate, along with the accompanying events and noise from the impact, may create the impression that the airbag(s) are not fully deployed.
The driver's airbag is a one-piece fabric, while the passenger airbag and side airbags are sewn. The airbags have a silicone coating to provide protection against flame and heat near the gas generator. The shape of the passenger airbag and side airbags (if any) corresponds to the dimensions of the vehicles.
To prevent the airbag folds from catching when it is in the folded position, the airbag material may be dusted with talcum powder. When the airbag(s) deploys, some of the powder is released into the vehicle. This powder is perceived as a dust cloud and has a characteristic odor. The powder particles quickly settle and do not pose a health hazard. The dust cloud is not a sign of combustion outside the airbag inflator.
Under certain circumstances, minor scratches or friction burns may result from airbag deployment.
There are two processes taking place:
- Friction between the airbag material and exposed skin can occur either when the airbag deploys very quickly or when a vehicle occupant contacts the airbag.
- Hot gases used to inflate the airbag are released when the airbag begins to deflate. Depending on the position of the driver's hands or how close the person is to the airbag, it may not be possible to eliminate the possibility of these gases coming into contact with skin not covered by clothing.
Seat belt buckles and tensioners
The seat belt buckles and seat belt pretensioners are mounted on the seats. In the event of a frontal impact, the air bag control module initiates deployment of the seat belt pretensioners. The seat belt pretensioners have a lower deployment threshold than the air bags. Therefore, in a minor impact that exceeds the deployment threshold, only the seat belt pretensioners may deploy. The air bag control module receives information about the status of the seat belt buckles from switches located in the buckles. For additional information, refer to Section 501-20A / 501-20B.
After deployment, new seat belt buckles and tensioners must be installed.
Clock spring
The clock spring is designed to transmit signals between the airbag control module and the driver airbag module. The clock spring is mounted on the steering column and consists of a fixed and a moving part, which are connected by a twisted Mylar tape with built-in conductive tracks. The Mylar tape can "unwind" and "twist" as the steering wheel (to which the moving part is attached) is turned, maintaining constant electrical contact between the airbag control module and the driver airbag module.
It is recommended to replace the clock spring after the driver's airbag has deployed.
Shock sensor
The front impact sensor is located under the grille opening panel, which facilitates the perception of an impact along the longitudinal axis. The airbag control module processes the collision data sent by the front impact sensor and deploys the front airbag(s).
After a head-on collision, install new parts:
- if the seat belt pretensioners and front airbag(s) do not deploy/inflate, install a new grille opening panel if it is damaged.
- if the seat belt pretensioners deploy or the front airbag(s) deploy, a new impact sensor and a new grille opening panel must be installed.
Side impact sensors
Side impact sensors (if equipped) are located on the floor panel under the front seats to help detect a side impact. In the event of a side impact, the air bag control module processes the impact data sent by the side impact sensor. In the event of an impact that exceeds the deployment threshold, the air bag control module will initiate deployment of the side air bag on the side from which deployment was initiated.
A new side impact sensor should be installed after a side impact that deploys the side airbag.
Airbag warning light
The airbag indicator light is located on the instrument cluster. If the airbag control module detects a malfunction, the indicator light flashes, flashes the appropriate fault code five times, and then remains on. For more information, refer to the Diagnostics and Testing section in this section.
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