The starter is a DC electric motor with excitation from permanent magnets, with a planetary gearbox and an electromagnetic two-winding traction relay.
Fig. 10.3. Starter parts: 1 – drive side cover; 2 – drive lever; 3 – relay anchor; 4 – rubber seal; 5 – return spring; 6 – traction relay housing; 7 – brush housings assembled with springs; 8 – brush holder; 9 – cover from the collector side; 10 – bearing cover; 11 – lock washer; 12 – thrust washer; 13 – starter housing; 14 – starter rotor; 15 – planetary gear; 16 – freewheel clutch
Covers 1 (Fig. 10.3), 9 and housing 13 of the starter are pulled together by two studs. Rotor 14 of the starter rotates in two metal-ceramic inserts installed in cover 9 and support of planetary gear 15. Four permanent magnets are fixed in the stator housing.
Rotation from the anchor shaft is transmitted to the drive shaft via a planetary gearbox, which consists of a central pinion, three satellites, a carrier, and a pinion with internal engagement. The satellites rotate on needle bearings.
When the starter is turned on, voltage from the storage battery is supplied to both windings of the starter traction relay (pull-in and holding) via the ignition switch (lock). Under the action of the magnetic field of the windings, the armature 3 of the relay is pulled in and, using lever 2, brings the gear into engagement with the engine flywheel. After the contact bolts of the plate are closed, the pull-in winding is disconnected and the armature 3 of the relay is held in the pulled-in state only by the holding winding. When the key in the ignition switch (lock) is turned to position "II", the holding winding is de-energized and the armature, under the action of the return spring 5, returns to its original position, using lever 2 bringing the gear of the clutch 16 out of engagement with the flywheel.
Note: To avoid many starter malfunctions, follow a number of simple rules when operating it:
Note. – when starting the engine, turn on the starter for no more than 10-15 seconds and again after 20-30 seconds. Continuous long-term operation of the starter can lead to overheating. If the engine does not start after three attempts, check and eliminate faults in the engine power supply or ignition system;
- after starting the engine, immediately turn off the starter, as prolonged rotation of the flywheel drive gear may damage the starter overrunning clutch;
- it is not allowed to move the car using the starter, as this causes its significant overload and damage.
[The material was copied from an information website: www.fordbook.ru]