The starter is a DC electric motor with permanent magnet excitation, with a planetary gear and an electromagnetic two-winding traction relay.
Pic. 10.3. Starter details: 1 - cover on the drive side; 2 – drive lever; 3 – relay armature; 4 - rubber seal; 5 - return spring; 6 - housing of the traction relay; 7 – brush housings assembled with springs; 8 - brush holder; 9 – a cover from a collector; 10 - bearing cover; 11 - lock washer; 12 - thrust washer; 13 - starter housing; 14 - starter rotor; 15 - planetary gearbox; 16 - freewheel
Lids 1 (pic. 10.3), 9 and housing 13 of the starter are tightened with two studs. The starter rotor 14 rotates in two ceramic-metal inserts installed in the cover 9 and the support of the planetary gear 15. Four permanent magnets are fixed in the stator housing.
The rotation from the armature shaft is transmitted to the drive shaft through a planetary gearbox, which consists of a central gear, three satellites, a planet carrier and an internal gear. Satellites rotate on needle bearings.
When the starter is turned on, the voltage from the battery through the switch (lock) ignition is supplied to both windings of the starter traction relay (pulling and holding). Under the influence of the magnetic field of the windings, the armature 3 of the relay is drawn in and lever 2 engages the gear with the engine flywheel. After closing the contact bolts of the plate, the retracting winding is turned off and the armature 3 of the relay is held in the retracted state only by the holding winding. When you turn the key in the switch (castle) ignition to position «II» the holding winding is de-energized and the armature under the action of the return spring 5 returns to its original position, disengaging the clutch gear 16 with the lever 2 from the flywheel.
Note. In order to avoid many starter malfunctions, follow a number of simple rules when operating it:
Note. – when starting the engine, turn on the starter for no more than 10–15 s and again after 20–30 s. Continuous operation of the starter for a long time may cause overheating. If after three attempts the engine does not start, check and eliminate malfunctions in the power supply or ignition system of the engine;
- after starting the engine, immediately turn off the starter, as long-term rotation of the drive gear by the flywheel can damage the starter freewheel;
- it is not allowed to move the car with the help of a starter, as this causes its significant overload and damage.
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