Diagnostics and checks of the instrument panel (Focus 1)

Common equipment: Worldwide Diagnostic System (WDS).

Operating principles

This instrument cluster is called a hybrid electronic cluster (HEC) because it combines intelligent and fixed electrical signals. The instrument cluster has a built-in self-test function and a Standard Enterprise Protocol (SCP) communication channel to the powertrain control module (PCM). This allows the instrument cluster and the PCM to communicate with each other. The instrument cluster consists of gauges, warning lights, and indicator lamps.

With the ignition on and the engine off, the instrument cluster performs a visual check to confirm that the warning/indicator lamps and monitored systems are functioning properly. During this visual check, the following indicator lamps come on:

• Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) Warning Light (if equipped)
• Airbag system warning light
• Passenger Air Bag Deactivation Switch Indicator Light
• Charging system indicator light.
• Brake system warning light
• Low Fuel Warning Light (if equipped)
• Low oil pressure warning light
• Exhaust Reduction Systems Malfunction Warning Light (MIL)
• Powertrain Check Indicator Light
• Traction control system indicator light (if equipped)
• Overdrive indicator lamp (if equipped)
• Upshift Indicator Lamp (if equipped)
• Glow plug indicator light (if equipped)

Hybrid Electronic Cluster (HEC) gauges

Engine temperature gauge

The PCM receives cylinder head temperature information from the engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor or the cylinder head temperature (CHT) sensor. The instrument cluster receives engine temperature information from the PCM, which is then used by the sensor. If the ECT signal is missing or incorrect, the instrument cluster moves the temperature gauge needle below the cold position.

Fuel level indicator

The instrument cluster receives fuel level information from the fuel gauge sensor (part of the fuel pump module). This is a variable resistor that changes the ground of the gauge. When the fuel level is low, the resistance is low, when the fuel level is high, the resistance is high. The instrument cluster has a low fuel warning light that comes on when the fuel level drops to a preset value. If an incorrect input signal is received, the fuel gauge defaults to below the empty position and the low fuel warning light comes on. The fuel level input signal is significantly damped to compensate for the movement of fuel in the fuel tank when the ignition switch is in the ON position. When the ignition is turned off, the fuel gauge needle moves to the zero mark. The fuel pump module wiring in vehicles with an adaptive fuel system is equipped with an adaptive fuel module that converts direct current to alternating current. The conversion is necessary to prevent electroplating on the fuel sensor card built into the fuel pump module when using ethanol based fuel.

Speedometer

The PCM receives vehicle speed information from the vehicle speed sensor (VSS). The PCM compensates for the tire size and sends the vehicle speed information to the instrument cluster. This information is then displayed on the instrument cluster in km/h or mph. If this information is not available, the instrument cluster defaults the speedometer to zero.

Odometer

The PCM receives the distance traveled information from the VSS. The PCM makes a correction for the tire size and sends the distance traveled information to the instrument cluster, which displays the information electronically on the liquid crystal display. If this information is not received, the liquid crystal display shows dashes. The liquid crystal display also has a trip meter, which is reset using the reset button.

Tachometer

The instrument cluster receives tachometer information from the PCM. If the engine speed (RPM) information sent to the instrument cluster is incorrect or missing, the instrument cluster defaults the tachometer to zero.

Control lamps

Airbag warning lights

The air bag indicator lamps are controlled by the air bag module. Refer to Section 501-20A / 501-20B for additional information.

ABS warning light

The anti-lock brake system (ABS) indicator lamp in the instrument cluster is directly connected to the ABS module. If there is an open circuit, a short circuit to battery voltage, or a malfunction of the ABS system, the ABS indicator lamp comes on. For more information, refer to Section 206-09A / 206-09B / 206-09C. The indicator lamp must be activated, see the chapter "Instrument cluster configuration".

Brake system warning light

The brake system warning light has several functions. The brake system warning light performs a self-test of the system when the ignition switch is in the RUN position by grounding the circuit. The light comes on when the brake fluid level is low or the parking brake is applied. If both the ABS warning light and the brake system warning light come on at the same time, this indicates an EBD malfunction. For additional information, refer to Section 206-09A / 206-09B / 206-09C.

Charging system indicator light

The PCM controls the charging system and the charging system indicator lamp. Therefore, the PCM controls the lamp to turn off after the system has started and to turn on the lamp when faults occur (including stall conditions). For additional information, refer to Section 414-00.

High beam indicator lamp

The high beam indicator lamp is directly connected to the multifunction switch.

Left and right turn signal indicator lamps

The left and right turn signal indicator lamps are directly connected to the multifunction switch.

Exhaust Reduction Systems Malfunction Warning Light (MIL)

The Emission Control System Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) illuminates when a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) related to the emission control systems is stored in the PCM. This indicator lamp can only be turned off using WDS after the malfunction has been repaired and the DTC has been cleared from the PCM memory.

Powertrain Check Indicator Light

The Check Powertrain Indicator Lamp (CPL) illuminates when the PCM stores a non-emissions related DTC. This CPL also illuminates when the PCM activates the fail-safe cooling strategy. Refer to Section 303-03 for additional information.

Traction Control (TC) System Indicator Light

The traction control (TC) indicator light is controlled by the ABS/TC module. The TC indicator light comes on when the TC system is active. The traction control indicator light can be turned off by pressing the TC OFF button. For additional information, refer to Section 206-09A / 206-09B / 206-09C.

Low oil pressure warning light

The low oil pressure indicator lamp is rigidly connected to the low engine oil pressure relay. The low oil pressure indicator lamp lights up in position II of the ignition switch. After the engine starts and the oil pressure increases, the oil pressure relay opens and turns off the oil pressure indicator lamp.

Low Fuel Warning Light

The indicator lamp must be activated, see chapter "Configuration of the instrument cluster".

Door Not Closing Warning Light

The door ajar indicator lamp is controlled by the central security module (CSM) and the interior door, rear liftgate or luggage compartment lid switches. During operation, the system establishes a ground connection, which causes the indicator lamp to illuminate if the interior door or luggage compartment lid is open or not closed properly.

Rear tailgate opening lock

The instrument cluster uses vehicle speed information from the PCM to send a rear liftgate lock signal to the Central Security Module (CSM). The rear liftgate is unlocked only in ignition position 0.

Standard corporate protocol

The Standard Corporate Protocol (SCP) is an electronic communications link that enables the instrument cluster to communicate with the PCM module, creating a communications gateway for the FDS 2000 to access the instrument cluster control systems. This enhances the diagnostic capabilities of the WDS.

Instrument cluster configuration

NOTE: All new instrument clusters will have all indicator lights on until they are configured using WDS.

The instrument cluster is a programmable module that must be configured by selecting the "Programmable Module Setup Program" option in the WDS system.

Trip computer

This computer is located in the information and message center. For more information, refer to Section 413-08. The trip computer is capable of providing the driver with information such as:

• Route information
• Outside temperature
• Average speed
• Remaining distance to refueling
• Average fuel consumption

Inspection and verification

1. Check the validity of the customer's complaint by using the system.

2. Perform a visual inspection for obvious signs of mechanical and electrical damage.

Visual inspection table

Mechanical factors	Electrical factors
– Damaged oil filter – Low engine oil level. – Engine temperature gauge – Fuel level indicator – Engine coolant level – Damaged coolant thermostat – Checking the position of the doors	– Fuse(s) – Fuse F30 (7.5A) in the Central Junction Box (CJB) – Fuse F34 (7.5 A) CJB - Electrical circuit – LED(s) – Damaged miniature lamp(s) - Electrical wiring – Loose or corroded connector(s) - Damaged instrument panel – Adaptive fuel module - vehicles with an adaptive fuel system

3. If an obvious cause for the complaint identified or described is found, correct it (if possible) before proceeding with further action.

4. Check the correct operation of the following systems by operating the systems.

• Charging system.
• Fuel system.
• Cooling system.
• Seat belt warning sound.
• Direction indicators.
• Headlights.

5. If the fault is not corrected after inspection, enter Self-diagnosis Mode.

Self-diagnostic mode

1. To enter the instrument cluster self-diagnosis mode, simultaneously press and hold the trip computer reset button and turn the ignition switch to position II or III.

2. Release the trip computer reset button when TEST appears on the LCD display. This will take 5 to 8 seconds.

3. The instrument cluster will enter the indicator sweep test mode.

4. To proceed to subsequent tests in the self-diagnostic mode, press the ZERO button. This will take you to the next test.

5. Self-test is deactivated when the ignition is turned to the OFF position.

6. If access to self-diagnosis mode is not possible, use WDS to diagnose PCM and SCP.

NOTE: Additional tests are available after the following tests have been performed, however these tests are not effective for diagnostic purposes.

Self-diagnostic mode

Examination	Displayed syntax	Checked indicator/indicator lamp/display	Description
1. Expanding the pointers	GAGE	Tachometer, speedometer, temperature and fuel level indicators.	All indicators undergo a test to ensure that the arrow moves smoothly to the extreme upper and lower positions, which takes approximately 5 seconds.
2. Complete filling of the liquid crystal display	8888	Liquid crystal display integrated into the speedometer	Filling the registers of the liquid crystal display, allowing you to check the correct functioning of the display.
3. Indicator lamps	Bulb.	The instrument panel includes warning and indicator lights	Turning on all control lamps controlled by the instrument panel.
4. ROM version	rXXX	Instrument cluster read-only memory (ROM)	Shows the instrument cluster ROM version.
5. NVM version	EXXX	Instrument cluster non-volatile memory (NVM)	Shows the instrument cluster NVM version.
6. DTC	XXXX or NONE	Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)	To display a list of stored DTCs, press the CLEAR button. REFER to the instrument cluster diagnostic trouble code (DTC) list. If multiple DTCs are present, the codes will scroll.
7. Speed of movement, miles per hour	XXX.X	Speedometer	Shows the input speed signal in miles per hour.
8. Travel speed, km/h	XXX.X	Speedometer	Shows the input speed signal in km/h.
9. Engine crankshaft speed	XXXX	Tachometer	Shows the tachometer input signal (RPM).
10. Fuel volume	FXXX	Fuel sensor system	Shows the fuel volume input signal.
11. Engine coolant temperature	XXXC	Engine coolant temperature	Shows the engine coolant temperature input signal.
12. Battery voltage	bXXX	Battery voltage (t)	Shows the battery voltage input signal.
13. ABS system malfunction	Ab-[H/L]	ABS system.	Shows the ABS gross input signal on the instrument cluster. (H = recharge or battery, L = ground).
14. Malfunction of the electronic brake force distribution (EBD) system	Eb-[H/L]	EBD system.	Shows the EBD gross input signal on the instrument cluster. (H = recharge or battery, L = ground).
15. Backlight.	IL-[H/L]	Instrument panel and dashboard lighting.	Shows the instrument cluster and dashboard illumination. (H = on, L = off).
16. Start status	Cr-[H/L]	Starting status of the instrument panel and dashboard.	Shows the starting status of the instrument cluster and instrument panel. (H = Ignition, L = Ground or recharge).

7. If the complaint is not resolved after exiting the Self-Diagnostic Mode, refer to the Malfunction Symptom Table.

Table of signs of malfunction

State	Possible Causes	Action
•Incorrect fuel gauge readings	•Electric circuit. •Fuel pump module. •Instrument panel. •Adaptive fuel module – vehicles with an adaptive fuel system.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST A
•The speedometer does not work	•Electric circuit. •Vehicle speed sensor •RSM •Instrument panel.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST B
•Incorrect temperature gauge readings	•Electric circuit. •Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) sensor or Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor. •PCM. •Instrument panel.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST C
•The tachometer does not work	•Electric circuit. •PCM. •Instrument panel.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST D
•The high beam indicator lamp does not work	•Headlight high beam indicator lamp. •Electric circuit. •Switch. •Instrument panel.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST E
•The door ajar indicator light does not work/is constantly on	•Electric circuit. • Interior door/tailgate switch. •Indicator lamp for door not closing properly. •Information and message center. •Instrument panel.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST F
•The oil pressure warning light does not work	•Electric circuit. •Oil pressure warning light •Oil pressure relay •Instrument panel.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST G
•The oil pressure warning light is constantly on	•Electric circuit. •Low engine oil level. •Engine oil pressure. •Instrument panel.	•If oil pressure and level are normal, REPAIR the short to ground in circuit 31S-GC20 (black/orange). Check for proper system operation.
•The seat belt indicator light does not work (the sound signal works).	•Seat belt buckle switch. •Electric circuit. •Seat belt warning light. •Central Timer Module (CTM). •Instrument panel.	•CONSULT WDS.
•The seat belt indicator light is constantly on (the sound signal is on).	•Seat belt buckle switch. •Electric circuit. •Central timer module. •Seat belt warning light. •Instrument panel.	•CONSULT WDS.
•The brake system indicator light does not work.	•Low brake fluid level. •Low brake fluid level switch. •Electric circuit. •Parking brake switch. •ABS module (if available).	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST H
•Low fuel indicator light does not work	•Electric circuit. •Low fuel indicator light. •Instrument panel.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST I
•Low fuel indicator light stays on	•Low fuel level. •Electric circuit. •Adaptive fuel module – vehicles with an adaptive fuel system. •Fuel pump module •Instrument panel.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST A
•The direction indicator lamp does not work.	•Electric circuit. •Direction indicator lamp(s). •Multifunctional switch •Central Junction Box (CJB). •Instrument panel.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST J
•The charging system indicator light does not work	•Electric circuit. •Generator. •Charging system indicator light. •PCM •Instrument panel.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST K
•The charging system indicator light is constantly on.	•Accessory drive belt. •Charging system •Electric circuit.	•CONSULT WDS.
• Emission Control Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) Inoperative/Steady On	•MIL indicator light bulb. •PCM. •Instrument panel. •Electric circuit.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST L
•The anti-lock brake system (ABS) indicator light does not work	•ABS warning lamp. •Instrument panel. •ABS control module. •Electric circuit.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST M
•The airbag warning light is constantly on	•Instrument panel. •Airbag diagnostic monitor. •Electric circuit.	•CONSULT WDS.
•Auxiliary channel input signal error	•Fuse(s). •Electric circuit. •Instrument panel.	• Proceed to PINPOINT TEST N

Diagnostics using equipment of the Ford WDS diagnostic system

1. To enter the Ford WDS diagnostic system test mode, connect the WDS to the Data Link Connector (DLC) located under the instrument panel and select the vehicle to be tested from the WDS menu.

2. If the retrieved DTCs are related to the malfunction, go to the Instrument Cluster Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List.

3. If there are no DTCs related to the complaint, proceed to the Symptom Chart to continue diagnosis.

List of instrument cluster diagnostic trouble codes (DTC)

Self-diagnostic mode DTC codes displayed	DTC	Name	Cause	Actions
9202	B1202	Fuel pump module electrical circuit open	Instrument panel	Proceed to PINPOINT TEST A
9204	B1204	Short circuit to ground in fuel pump module electrical circuit	Instrument panel	Proceed to PINPOINT TEST A
9342	B1342	PCM module failure	Instrument panel	CONTACT WDS.
9317	B1317	High battery voltage (more than 16 V)	Instrument panel	CONTACT WDS.
9318	B1318	Low battery voltage (less than 10V)	Instrument panel	CONTACT WDS.
9359	B1359	Run/ACC Ignition Circuit Malfunction (Run/Accessories)	Instrument panel	CONTACT WDS.
A143	B2143	NVM memory error	Instrument panel	CONTACT WDS.
A477	B2477	Module configuration error	Instrument panel	CONTACT WDS.
D041	U1041	Incorrect vehicle speed data	Instrument panel	Proceed to PINPOINT TEST B
D027	U1027	Incorrect engine speed (RPM) data	Instrument panel	Proceed to PINPOINT TEST D
D073	U1073	Incorrect engine coolant data	Instrument panel	Proceed to PINPOINT TEST E
D262	U1262	No speed, tachometer, engine temperature or odometer readings	Instrument panel	CONTACT WDS.
D123	U1123	Incorrect data for odometer	Instrument panel	CONTACT WDS.

List of Instrument Cluster Data Recorder Signals

Data logger signal	Name	Expected value.
DTC.CNT	Number of continuous DTCs in memory	0-255
CLOCK	Watch	Off/Off
ECT.STAT	Engine coolant level is normal	Normal, low
DRV_AJAR	The driver's door is not closed	OPEN, CLOSED
T_AJAR	Rear tailgate/trunk lid not closed	OPEN, CLOSED
ES	Switching mode	On/Off
CHT-C	Cylinder head temperature	Degrees C
ENG_MET	English/Metric Switch, Driver Identification Switch	On/Off
EXTTEMP	Outside temperature sensor	Degrees C
FUEL	Fuel level input signal status	0%-100%
IGNSW	Ignition Switch Status	RUN, START, UNKNOWN
LIGHT	Night/day	NO, YES
TD	Car odometer	Vehicle odometer readings
PF_AJAR	The passenger door is not closed	OPEN, CLOSED
RES_SW	Reset switch	On/Off
ENGRPM	Engine speed (RPM)	0-8000 rpm.
SEL_MODE	Mode selection switch	On/Off
OCS	Gearbox control button	On/Off
VBATT	Car battery voltage value	0-16 V
VS	Car speed	0-150 mph
WASH_LEV	Windscreen washer fluid level	LOW, NORMAL

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