TDC of the 1st cylinder: piston of the 1st cylinder (on the right side of the road) is exactly at TDC if the valves of the 4th cylinder intersect (exhaust valve closes, intake valve begins to open). Then the valves of the 1st cylinder are closed. In most older engines with an ignition distributor, the TDC position of the 1st piston is also checked by the position of the distributor pin and flywheel (the distributor pin is above the marking on the distributor body, the marking on the flywheel coincides with the mark in the inspection hole).
As when changing a wheel, lift the front wheel. Engage 5th gear. If you now scroll the free wheel forward, the crankshaft will automatically rotate with it easily if you first dismantle the spark plugs. But if you cannot raise the car steadily, shift into 5th gear and carefully move the car forward to TDC on the first piston.
On the protected side with special tools only: Ford installers set the camshafts to top dead center using a template (special tools 21-162 Zetec, 21-162-A Zetec-SE).
Without assistance, you can turn the engine with a socket wrench like «nut», to be installed on the alternator V-belt pulley. The engine turns better if the V-belt is pressed a little harder in the belt drive. But with this method, make sure that the motor rotates only clockwise.
The TDC of the crankshaft can only be accurately determined with special tools. To do this, Ford workshops screw the TDC dowel pin to the side of the engine block (special tool 21-210). The engine is then rotated in the direction of rotation until the crankshaft web is snug against the dowel pin
Zetec / Endura: with a freely rotating belt drive, in no case turn the engine by the toothed belt - the belt may slip one tooth imperceptibly, then the valve timing will be changed and damage to the valve mechanism and piston bases will be programmed.
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