Features of the design of electrical equipment

On the car, DC electrical equipment with a rated voltage of 12 V is used. The electrical equipment of the car is made according to a single-wire circuit: the negative terminals of sources and consumers of electricity are connected to «weight», which acts as a second wire. In turn, the role «masses» performs the car body. Consumers are powered by batteries (with the engine off) and generator (with the engine running).

Diagrams of electrical equipment of the car are given at the end of the book.

Attention! Carry out any work on the vehicle's electrical equipment only with the battery disconnected.

Attention! Disconnect or connect the battery only when the ignition is off.

Attention! When checking the circuits of electrical equipment, it is forbidden to short to «mass» wires (check the continuity of the circuits «for a spark»), as this can lead to failure of electrical components.

Attention! It is forbidden to use fuses that are not provided for by the vehicle design or designed for a higher current, and also to use wire instead of fuses.

Attention! When replacing fuses, it is forbidden to use screwdrivers and metal tools - this can cause a short circuit in the circuits of electrical equipment.

Attention! It is forbidden to disconnect the battery while the engine is running; violation of this rule will cause failure of the voltage regulator and elements of the vehicle's electronic equipment.

Attention! In order to avoid failure of the diodes of the rectifier unit of the generator, it is forbidden to check them with a megohmmeter or a test lamp supplied with a voltage of more than 12 V, and also to check the electrical circuits on the car with such devices without disconnecting the wires from the generator.

Attention! It is necessary to check the insulation resistance of the generator stator winding with increased voltage on the generator removed from the car, with the stator winding terminals disconnected from the rectifier unit.

Attention! When carrying out electric welding work on a car, it is necessary to disconnect the wires from the terminals of the battery and the generator, as well as the pads with wires from the electronic engine control unit.

Attention! Do not touch the elements of the ignition system and high-voltage wires while the engine is running.

Attention! Do not run low voltage wires in the same bundle as high voltage wires.

Attention! Regularly clean the battery terminals and cable lugs from oxides and dirt.

Attention! When recharging the battery with a charger, disconnect the wires from the battery terminals.