Features of the design of electrical equipment (Focus 2)

The car uses direct current electrical equipment with a nominal voltage of 12 V. The car's electrical equipment is made using a single-wire circuit: the negative terminals of the power sources and consumers are connected to the "ground", which acts as the second wire. In turn, the role of the "ground" is performed by the car body. The power supply to the consumers is provided by the battery (with the engine not running) and the generator (with the engine running).

The vehicle electrical diagrams are shown below.

WARNING: Carry out any work on the vehicle's electrical equipment only with the battery disconnected.

WARNING: The battery may only be disconnected or connected when the ignition is off.

WARNING: When checking electrical equipment circuits, it is prohibited to short-circuit the wires to ground (check the circuits for a spark), as this may lead to failure of the electrical equipment components.

WARNING: Do not use fuses that are not provided for by the vehicle design or that are rated for a higher current, or use wire instead of fuses.

WARNING: Do not use screwdrivers or metal tools when replacing fuses, as this may cause a short circuit in the electrical circuits.

WARNING: Do not disconnect the battery while the engine is running, failure to do so will result in damage to the voltage regulator and electronic components of the vehicle.

WARNING: To avoid damage to the generator rectifier block diodes, do not test them with a megohmmeter or test lamp supplied with a voltage greater than 12 V, or test the electrical circuits on the vehicle with such devices without disconnecting the wires from the generator.

WARNING: It is necessary to check the insulation resistance of the generator stator winding with an increased voltage on the generator removed from the vehicle, with the stator winding terminals disconnected from the rectifier unit.

WARNING: When performing electric welding work on a vehicle, it is necessary to disconnect the wires from the battery and generator terminals, as well as the connectors with wires from the electronic engine control unit.

WARNING: Do not touch ignition system components or high-voltage wires while the engine is running.

WARNING: Do not run low voltage wires in the same harness with high voltage wires.

WARNING: Regularly clean the battery terminals and cable ends from oxidation and dirt.

WARNING: When charging the battery using a charger, disconnect the cables from the battery terminals.

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