Design features of electrical equipment

On the car, DC electrical equipment with a rated voltage of 12 V is used. The electrical equipment of the car is made according to a single-wire circuit: the negative terminals of sources and consumers of electricity are connected to «weight», which acts as a second wire. In turn, the role «masses» performs the car body. Consumers are powered by batteries (with the engine off) and generator (with the engine running).

The wiring diagrams of the vehicle are shown below.

WARNING: Carry out any work on the vehicle's electrical equipment only with the battery disconnected.

WARNING: Disconnect or connect the battery only when the ignition is off.

WARNING: When testing electrical circuits, do not short to «mass» wires (check the continuity of the circuits «for a spark»), as this can lead to failure of electrical components.

WARNING: It is forbidden to use fuses that are not provided for by the vehicle design or designed for a higher current, and also to use wire instead of fuses.

WARNING: When replacing fuses, do not use screwdrivers or metal tools - this can cause a short circuit in electrical equipment circuits.

WARNING: It is forbidden to disconnect the battery while the engine is running; violation of this rule will cause damage to the voltage regulator and electronic equipment of the car.

WARNING: In order to avoid damage to the generator rectifier diodes, it is forbidden to check them with a megohmmeter or a test lamp powered by a voltage of more than 12 V, and check the electrical circuits on the car with such devices without disconnecting the wires from the generator.

WARNING: It is necessary to check the insulation resistance of the generator stator winding with increased voltage on the generator removed from the vehicle, with the stator winding terminals disconnected from the rectifier unit.

WARNING: When carrying out electric welding work on a car, it is necessary to disconnect the wires from the terminals of the battery and the generator, as well as the blocks with wires from the electronic engine control unit.

WARNING: Do not touch ignition system components or high voltage wires while the engine is running.

WARNING: Do not run low voltage wires in the same bundle as high voltage wires.

WARNING: Regularly clean the battery terminals and cable lugs from oxides and dirt.

WARNING: When recharging the battery with the charger, disconnect the wires from the battery terminals.