Vehicle electrical equipment

The electrical circuit is single-wire, the negative pole of the power sources is connected to ground. Rated voltage 12 V.

Batteries installed on cars «Escort» And «Opop». have the designation 270 A/50 RC (35 Ah); 330 A/65 RC (43 Ah) and 440 A/75 RC (52 Ah).

Vehicles can be equipped with alternators with built-in rectifier and electronic voltage regulator brands Bosch, Lucas or Motorola with output current from 28 to 45 A, depending on the model. Lucas, Bosch or Nippondenso starters with electromagnetic engagement and freewheel have a power of 0.70 to 0.97 kW, depending on the model.

Accumulator battery

It is recommended as often as possible, especially in summer, to check the electrolyte level in the battery banks, which should be between the marks «maxi» And «mini». For refilling, distilled water should be used, and if the battery has level marks, then it is necessary to raise the electrolyte level to the mark «maxi», and if not, then 10 mm above the edge of the plates.

ATTENTION: In order to prevent defrosting of the battery during the cold season, distilled water should be topped up only when the engine is running.

Every 10,000 km of run, the general technical condition of the battery should be checked and recharged if necessary. Clean the sulphated battery terminals and lubricate them with petroleum jelly or grease.

When recharging the battery from an external DC source, it is necessary to completely disconnect it from the on-board electrical network by disconnecting the positive and negative wires from the battery terminals.

Control lamp of a charge of the rechargeable battery

The instrument cluster has a battery charge warning lamp that lights up when the ignition key is turned to position II and goes out when the engine speed begins to slightly exceed the engine speed when the engine is idling.

If this lamp lights up when the vehicle is moving, it means that the battery is discharging, in this case, first of all, check the condition and tension of the alternator drive belt, make sure that the electrical connections are reliable, etc. if the light does not go out, check the condition of the electrical circuits.

Generator

The generator does not require special maintenance, and its technical condition check and repair must be carried out by electricians.

ATTENTION
To prevent damage to the voltage regulator or generator, DO NOT:

• disconnect the wires from the battery terminals with the engine running;
• connect a charger to the battery without completely disconnecting it from the on-board electrical network;
• ground wire «EXC» («excit.») voltage regulator or generator.

Alternator drive V-belt

Checking the technical condition and tension of the alternator drive V-belt is carried out every 10,000 km, but at least once every two years. Adjusting the belt tension is carried out on a warm engine as follows. so that when you press your thumb on the middle of the longest branch, the deflection is 10 mm.

Circuit breakers

In the event of a failure of any electrical appliance, the first thing to check is:

• integrity of the fuse;
• reliable connection of detachable contacts.
• operation of the relay installed in the corresponding circuit. Removable fuses and relays are installed in a common mounting block, access to which is closed by a hinged plastic cover 1 (see fig. 9).

Block headlights

Every 10,000 km, the headlights should be checked and, if necessary, adjusted in height and direction.

Side lights, low and high beam

The side lights are switched on by the NO lever (Outdoor Lighting) three-position switch mounted on the steering column on the right side. near the steering wheel. Switch positions (the lever moves up parallel to the plane of the steering wheel) the following (pic. 10):

• Off (initial.): outdoor lighting off;
• «B» (dimensions): front and rear marker lights on;
• «IN» (lights): Front and rear position lights on, power is applied to the headlight dipped/high beam switch located on the left side of the steering column.

The dipped/high beam switch lever is two-position, moves perpendicular to the steering column, (pic. 10).



To turn off outdoor lighting, including headlights, just move the NO lever all the way down (to starting position).

Windshield wiper and washer

The operation of the windshield wiper and washer is controlled by the Och / Ohm lever (glass cleaner / glass washer) combination switch located on the right side of the steering column. The lever moves parallel to the steering wheel and has the following positions (pic. 10).

0 - Starting position.


1 - Normal mode.
2 - Fast mode.
3 - Intermittent mode
OM - Windshield washer.

The first two positions of the lever are fixed, and in the third it is held by hand for as long as the driver considers necessary, after which it is pressed out by a return spring in (original) position 0.

to OM position (switching on the electric windshield washer pump) the lever is installed by pressing on its end in the axial direction and held in it by hand for as long as the driver considers necessary, after which it is pressed by a return spring in (original) position 0.

Adjustment of the direction of the water jet ejected from the washer jet. done with a needle or pin.

NOTES
1. On vehicles equipped with headlamp cleaners/washers. the latter are controlled by the same lever, but only work when the headlights are on.
2. Some vehicle modifications are equipped with a mechanical pump controlled by a floor-mounted pedal.

The windshield washer reservoir is installed in the engine compartment on the left side, the rear window washer reservoir (if any) installed in the luggage compartment also on the left side. In winter, it is recommended to pour a special anti-freeze mixture into the tanks.

Direction indicators, low / high beam switch and light and sound alarm (pic. 12)

There is a lever on the left side of the steering column «M» combined switch, which is used to:

• inclusion of right turn indicators (by moving the lever up to position «PP»);
• turning on left turn indicators (moving the lever down to position «LP»);
• turning on high beam headlights (by moving the lever from its original position forward/down from the steering wheel to the position «DC»), while in the central part of the instrument cluster the main beam control lamp lights up;
• switching on low beam headlights (return of the lever to its original position):
• sound alarm (pushing the lever towards the steering column to the position «AP»);
• light flashing signaling (pushing the lever towards the steering wheel to the position «SS»), while the high beam warning lamp in the central part of the instrument cluster lights up.

Rear fog lights

Some vehicles are equipped with taillights with fog lamps, which are turned on and off by a switch mounted on the left side of the dashboard.

Instrument cluster lighting

On some car models, a rheostat is built into the lighting circuit of the instrument cluster, which allows you to adjust the brightness of the lamps. The rheostat is mounted on the dashboard to the left of the steering column (plastic wheel with transverse knurling).

Cigarette lighter

The cigarette lighter is installed next to the ashtray in the center of the dashboard.

Alarm switch

The alarm switch is mounted on the steering column and has a built-in tutor - an alarm warning lamp. The operation of the alarm does not depend on the presence and position of the key in the ignition lock.

Rear window heating

Voltage is supplied to the rear window heating element from a two-position switch installed in the central part of the dashboard with the heater control levers. A light signaling pump is built into the switch key, connected in parallel to the heating element.

ATTENTION: The heating element built into the rear window is a powerful current consumer, therefore it is recommended to use it only when the engine is running in order to avoid deep discharge of the battery. The heating element of the rear window is made of very thin foil, which is unstable to mechanical stress. It is necessary to protect the inner surface of the glass from contact with hard objects and wipe it only with soft, damp suede. It is strictly forbidden to scrape on the glass.

Combined wiper and washer switch

If the vehicle is equipped with a rear window wiper and washer, then on the right side of the central part of the dashboard there is a combined push-button switch, when the button is pressed, the first (fixed) position, voltage is supplied to the electric motor of the cleaner, and until it stops (to the second non-fixed position) - on the washer motor.

Interior lighting

The interior light switch can be set to one of the following three positions:

• interior lighting is on;
• interior lighting off;
• interior lighting is switched on when the doors are opened.