Pic. 15.0. Location of connectors and wiring harnesses in the car: a - connector; 1 – a plait of wires of the fan of the engine cooling system; 2 – a plait of wires of a motor compartment; 3 – a plait of wires of the conditioner; 4 – a plait of wires of a control system of the engine; 5 – a plait of wires of the coil of ignition; 6 – a plait of wires of a cleaner/washer of headlights; 7 – a plait of wires of a radio receiver; 8 - wiring harness from door to door; 9 – a plait of wires of adjustment of mirrors; 10 – a plait of wires of a door; 11 – a plait of wires of an airbag; 12 - rear speaker wiring harness; 13 - trunk wiring harness; 14 - wiring harness trunk lid; 15 - fuel tank wiring harness; 16 – a plait of wires of illumination of the lever of the selector of an automatic transmission; 17 - wiring harness for interior lighting; 18 - wiring harness for the automatic lifting and sliding sunroof; 19 - main wiring harness; 20 – a plait of wires of a heater of a windshield; 21 - central electrical unit (CJB); 22 – a plait of wires of the switch of the compressor of the conditioner; 23 - distribution block (BJB); 24 – a plait of wires of the switch of a light of a backing
Without a battery, the starter and generator installed on the car will not work, almost 10 km of wires will be left without electricity. If the battery is disconnected, the starter will not work, without the starter the engine will not start and the generator will not start, without wiring harnesses, these three most important components will not even be able to start working - they will be completely «isolated».
Not surprisingly, many drivers associate bad memories with three main elements - the battery, the starter and the alternator. They are located in the engine bay, where working conditions are far from ideal: sometimes too cold, sometimes too hot and very often humid. Many electricity consumers are located in places exposed to atmospheric phenomena, which leads to a malfunction in the on-board network. In addition, the current generated by the battery in severe frost decreases.
After studying this section, you will be able to correctly determine why the switch is not working or the lamp is not on. Often the cause of the malfunction is an unreliable contact of the electrical connector or its corrosion. Many electrical faults can be fixed with simple techniques.
TECHNICAL DICTIONARY
Basic concepts
Electrical circuits are made up of sources of electrical energy (e.g. battery, alternator), the final consumer of electrical energy (incandescent lamp, starter, electric motor) and wiring harnesses consisting of several individual wires. Wiring harnesses form the necessary connections between sources and consumers of electrical energy.
Voltage.
It is like the pressure of water in a water pipe; measured in volts (IN).
Electricity.
It is similar to the flowing volume of water in a certain time. Current is measured in amps (A).
Power.
The product of current and voltage determines electrical work, measured in watts (Tue), produced by a current source to supply the consumer of electrical energy.
Resistance.
It is determined by dividing the voltage applied to a certain section of the electrical circuit by the current passing through this circuit. Measured in ohms (Ohm). Resistance (resistor) can be thought of as a faucet in a water pipe. When the faucet is open, the resistance is 0 and water flows freely. If the faucet closes, the resistance rises to infinity (Ґ) - The flow of water stops.
The wire.
The main parameter of the wire is the cross-sectional area, which is selected in accordance with the power (current consumption) specific consumer of electrical energy. For a pilot lamp, a wire with a cross section of 0.5 mm2 is sufficient, and a wire with a cross section of 16 mm2 is used to connect the starter to the battery. If a thin wire is used in a circuit with high currents, it will heat up, the voltage drop will increase, as a result of which, instead of the required 12 V, only 10 or 9.5 V will be supplied to the headlights, as a result of which the lamps will burn at full heat.
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