WARNING: Brake fluid contains polyglycerol esters and polyglycerol. Avoid contact with eyes. Wash your hands thoroughly after handling brake fluid. If brake fluid gets into your eyes, rinse your eyes for 15 minutes with cold running water. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. If brake fluid is swallowed, drink water and induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical attention. Failure to follow these instructions may result in injury.
The brake system is diagonally split and dual-circuit designed with disc brakes on the front wheels and drum brakes on the rear wheels as standard, with the option of disc brakes with anti-lock control on some model variants.
The hydraulic system has separate circuits for each pair of diagonally opposed wheels (left front/right rear and right front/left rear). The knuckle-mounted front brake calipers are of a single-piston, moving-piston design to ensure equal force is applied to both brake pads. The rear brake calipers on vehicles equipped with disc brakes only have a single-piston design with a floating piston. The material of the brake pads in both cases does not contain asbestos.
The rear drum brakes are of a conventional design. They have one primary and one secondary shoe with asbestos-free thick/thin pads glued on. Thick/thin pads allow the pads to wear evenly. The brakes self-adjust when the brake pedal is applied.
The parking brake lever is located between the front seats.
The brake master cylinder has a tandem design and is connected to a vacuum booster, which reduces the force applied to the brake pedal. The tandem design ensures that the second brake circuit is fully operational in the event of a failure of one brake circuit. The master brake cylinder and vacuum booster are located on the same side as the steering wheel. The push rod of the vacuum booster is directly connected to the brake pedal.
Vehicles equipped with a basic brake system have pressure-sensing pressure reducing valves (PCRV). These valves are installed between the brake master cylinder and the brake pipes in the rear wheels. PCRV valves control hydraulic pressure to the rear brakes, thereby reducing the risk of rear wheel lockup when braking.
In cars of other variants, equipped with a non-standard brake system and not having an anti-lock system, the rear wheels have distribution valves that are sensitive to changes in load.
A load sensing control valve is connected to the rear suspension cross member and regulates the brake fluid pressure in each of the rear wheels depending on the vehicle load.
In all vehicle loading conditions, this ensures that the braking force on the front wheels is always higher than on the rear wheels.
Work principles
The brake system works by transferring the force applied to the brake pedal by the driver to the brakes of each of the wheels.
The braking force is distributed between all wheels by a hydraulic system. The system is supported by a vacuum brake booster, which reduces the force applied to the brake pedal and increases hydraulic pressure. The parking brake applies to the rear wheels; the parking brake is applied manually using a lever.
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