WARNING: Brake fluid contains polyglycerol esters and polyglycerol. Avoid contact with eyes. Wash hands thoroughly after handling brake fluid. If brake fluid gets into eyes, flush eyes with cold running water for 15 minutes. If irritation persists, seek medical attention. If brake fluid is swallowed, drink water and induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical attention. Failure to follow these instructions may result in injury.
The braking system is diagonally split and is designed on a dual-circuit principle, with disc brakes on the front wheels and drum brakes on the rear wheels as standard, and with the option of using disc brakes with anti-lock control on some model variants.
The hydraulic system has separate circuits for each pair of diagonally opposite wheels (left front/right rear and right front/left rear). The front brake calipers, mounted on the wheel knuckles, have a single-piston design with a movable piston, which ensures that equal force is applied to both brake pads. The rear brake calipers of vehicles equipped only with disc brakes have a single-piston design with a floating piston. The brake pad material in both cases is asbestos-free.
The rear drum brakes are of conventional design. They have one primary and one secondary shoe with asbestos-free thick/thin linings bonded to them. The thick/thin linings allow the shoes to wear evenly. The brakes are self-adjusting when the brake pedal is applied.
The parking brake lever is located between the front seats.
The brake master cylinder has a tandem design and is connected to a vacuum booster, which reduces the force applied to the brake pedal. The tandem design ensures that in the event of failure of one brake circuit, the second brake circuit is fully operational. The brake master cylinder and vacuum booster are located on the same side as the steering wheel. The vacuum booster pushrod is directly connected to the brake pedal.
Vehicles equipped with the basic brake system have pressure-sensitive pressure-reducing valves (PCRVs). These valves are installed between the master cylinder and the brake lines at the rear wheels. The PCRVs control the hydraulic pressure supplied to the rear brakes, thereby reducing the risk of rear wheel lockup during braking.
In other variants of vehicles equipped with non-standard brake systems and without anti-lock braking systems, the rear wheels have load-sensitive control valves.
A load-sensitive control valve is connected to the rear suspension crossmember and regulates the brake fluid pressure at each rear wheel depending on the vehicle load.
Under any vehicle loading conditions, this ensures that the braking force on the front wheels is always higher than on the rear wheels.
Operating principles
The braking system operates by transferring the force applied to the brake pedal by the driver to the brakes of each wheel.
The braking force is distributed between all wheels using a hydraulic system. The system is supported by a vacuum brake booster, which reduces the force applied to the brake pedal and increases the hydraulic pressure. The parking brake operates on the rear wheels; the parking brake is applied manually using a lever.
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