Technical characteristics of V6 engines (Scorpio 1)

V6 engine with overhead valves and an overhead camshaft in the engine block, which is driven via a helical gear from the crankshaft (V6 2.8 dm³ engine) or a chain (V6 2.4 and 2.8 dm³ engines).

The cylinder heads are mounted so that the intake manifold is located between them and the exhaust manifolds are on the outside of the manifolds.

The cylinder block is made of cast iron. At the bottom of the block is an oil pan, stamped from sheet steel or cast from aluminum alloy.

Aluminum alloy pistons connected to the crankshaft by means of I-section connecting rods.

The crankshaft rotates in four bearings, the axial clearance is adjusted by thrust half rings installed on the third main bearing.

Pressure lubrication is achieved by means of a twin-rotor oil pump.

Main parameters

Engine	2,4 V6	2,8 V6	2,9 V6	2,9 V6	2,9 V6
Designation	AKS		BRC	BRD	BRE
Cylinder diameter (mm)	84,00	93,00	93,00	93,00	93,00
Piston stroke, (mm)	72,00	68,50	71,99	71,99	71,99
Volume (cm³)	2394	2792	2933	2933	2933
Compression ratio	9,5	9,2	9,5	9,0	9,0
Compression pressure, (MPa)		1,15 – 1,25
Nominal power:
– kW at rpm.	96 at 5800	110 at 5800	110 at 5700	107 at 5500	107 at 5500
– hp at rpm.	131 at 5800	150 at 5800	150 at 5700	146 at 5500	146 at 5500
Maximum torque (Nm at rpm)	193 at 3000	216 at 3000	233 at 3000	222 at 3000	226 at 3000

Cylinder head

The head is made of a special aluminum alloy.

Designation:
– 4.8 dm³ engine	H
– 2.8 dm³ engine	EN
– 2.9 dm³ engine (BRC)	F
– 2.9 dm³ engine (BRD and BRE)	K
Valve seats:
– angle of the working chamfer of the valves	44,30 – 45,00°
– width of the working chamfer of the valve seat	1.61 – 2.33 mm

Regrinding of the lower surface of the cylinder head is not provided.

Valves

Intake valve dimensions

Name	V6 2.4 dm³ and 2.9 BRC	V6 2.8 dm³	V6 2.9 dm³
Plate diameter, mm	39,67 – 40,00	41,85 – 42,24	41,85 – 42,24
Valve length, mm	106,2 – 106,9	105,25 – 106,96	104,7 – 105,4
Rod diameter, mm:
- standard	8,025 – 8,043	8,025 – 8,043	8,025 – 8,043
– increased by 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mm

Rod clearance in the guide: 0.020 – 0.063 mm.

Exhaust valve dimensions

Name	V6 2.4 dm³ and 2.9 BRC	V6 2.8 dm³	V6 2.9 dm³
Plate diameter, mm	33,83 – 34,21	35,83 – 36,21	41,85 – 42,24
Valve length, mm	106,1 – 107,1 BRC 106,8 – 107,8	105,20 – 106,20	104,6 – 105,6
Rod diameter, mm:
- standard	7,999 – 8,017	7,999 – 8,017	7,999 – 8,017
– increased by 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mm

Identification of valve stem seals by color

Standard size	White
Increased by 0.2 mm	Red
Increased by 0.4 mm	Blue
Increased by 0.6 mm	Green
Increased by 0.8 mm	Black

Valve clearance (cold engine)

Inlet valve	0.35 mm
Exhaust valve	0.40 mm

Rod clearance in the guide: 0.046 – 0.089 mm.

Valve springs

The same springs are used for the intake and exhaust valves.

Free length:
– 2.4 dm³ engine	55.12 mm
– 2.8 dm³ engine	52.50 mm
– 2.9 dm³ engine (BRC)	52.50 mm
– 2.9 dm³ engine (BRD and BRE)	53.00 mm

Engine cylinder block

The engine cylinder block is cast from cast iron. The cylinders are made directly in the cylinder block.

Designation:
– 2.4 dm³ engine	D
– 2.8 dm³ engine	E
– 2.9 dm³ engine	F
Main bearing bed diameter:
- standard	60.620 – 60.640 mm
- enlarged	61,000 – 61,020 mm
Camshaft bearing bed diameter:
- front	47.025 – 47.060 mm
- front central	46.645 – 46.680 mm
- rear central	46.265 – 46.300 mm
- rear	45.885 – 45.920 mm

Cylinder diameters (mm)

Engine	2.4 dm³	2.8 and 2.9 dm³
Nominal standard diameters:
- group 1	84,000 – 84,010	93,010 – 93,020
- group 2	84,010 – 84,020	93,020 – 93,030
- group 3	84,020 – 84,030	93,030 – 93,040
- group 4	84,030 – 84,040	93,040 – 93,050
- official	84,030 – 84,040	93,040 – 93,050
Increased diameters:
- Group A	84,510 – 84,520	93,520 – 93,530
- Group B	84,520 – 84,530	93,530 – 93,540
- Group C	84,530 – 84,540	93,540 – 93,550
Repair size diameters:
– with a tolerance of 0.5	84,530 – 84,540	93,540 – 93,550
– with a tolerance of 1.0	85,030 – 85,040	94,040 – 94,050

Crank mechanism

Crankshaft

The steel crankshaft is supported by four bearings.

The measurement should be taken using Plastigage measuring rods.

Axial play	0.08 – 0.20 mm
Main bearing journal diameters	56.980 – 57.00 mm
Main bearing clearance	0.008 – 0.062 mm
Connecting rod journal diameters	53,980 – 54,000 mm
Clearance in connecting rod bearings	0.006 – 0.064 mm
Width of support bearing (3rd)	26.39 – 26.44 mm
Permissible reduction in diameter of main and connecting rod journals (except for 2.8 dm³ engine)	0.254 mm

Flywheel

The flywheel is secured to the crankshaft flange with six bolts.

Connecting rods

The connecting rods are forged from steel and have an I-beam profile in cross-section. The piston pin is pressed into the connecting rod head.

Connecting rod head bore diameter	23.958 – 23.976 mm
Connecting rod pin tension	0.018 – 0.039 mm
Connecting rod head heating temperature during pin installation	250° – 300°C
Connecting rod base bore diameter	56.820 – 56.840 mm
Permissible non-perpendicularity of the hole axis relative to the connecting rod axis:
- head hole	0.10 mm
- base hole	0.15 mm

Pistons

Installation method: The arrow on the bottom of the piston should point towards the front of the engine (towards the timing drive).

Piston dimensions (mm)

Engine	2.4 dm³	2.8 and 2.9 dm³
Nominal standard diameters:
- group 1	83,962 – 83,972	92,972 – 92,982
- group 2	83,972 – 83,982	92,982 – 92,992
- group 3	83,982 – 83,992	92,992 – 93,002
- group 4	83,992 -84,002	93,002 – 93,012
- official	83,978 – 84,002	93,000 – 93,020
Repair size diameters:
– with a tolerance of 0.5	84,478 – 84,502	93,500 – 93,520
– with a tolerance of 1.0	84,978 – 85,002	94,000 – 94,020
Clearance of new pistons in cylinders	0,028 – 0,048	0,020 – 0,050

Piston pins

The pins are made of steel and heat-treated, pressed into the connecting rod heads (hot mounting at a head temperature of 250°–300°C) and rotate in the piston hubs.

Diameter (mm):
- marked in red	23,994 – 23,997
- marked in blue	23,997 – 24,000
Piston hub clearance	0.008 – 0.014 mm
Connecting rod head tension	0.018 – 0.042 mm

Piston rings

Each piston has three rings: two sealing rings and one oil scraper ring.

Clearance of the sealing ring lock (installed in the cylinder):
– 2.4 and 2.9 dm³ engine	0.3 – 0.5 mm
– 2.8 dm³ engine	0.38 – 0.58 mm
Oil scraper ring lock clearance	0.40 – 1.40 mm
Location of ring locks:
- sealing	150° (in opposite directions) relative to the oil scraper ring lock
- oil scraper	the expansion spring lock is installed in accordance with the direction of the arrow on the bottom of the piston; the locks of the upper and lower plates are installed 25 mm to the right and left of the direction of the arrow

Gas distribution system

The camshaft is located in the cylinder block, drives the valves via valve lifters and levers, and is driven by a gear or chain transmission.

Valve clearance (cold):
- inlet	0.35 mm
- graduation	0.40 mm

Distribution phases

Engine	2.4 dm³ and 2.9 BRC	2.8 dm³	2.9 dm³ BRD and BRE
OZD	24° before TDC	26° 30' before TDC	30° before TDC
ZZD	64° after BDC	69° 30' after BDC	66° after BDC
OZW	66° before BDC	75° 30' before BDC	76° before BDC
ZZW	22° after TDC	22° 30' after TDC	20° after TDC

OZD and ZZD – opening and closing of the intake valve, respectively;
OZW and ZZW – opening and closing of the exhaust valve, respectively;
TDC and BDC are top and bottom dead centers, respectively.

Camshaft

The camshaft rotates in four bearings.

Camshaft bearing diameters:
- front	43.903 – 43.923 mm
- front central	43.522 – 43.542 mm
- rear central	43.141 – 43.161 mm
- rear	42,760 – 42,780 mm
Inner diameters of bearing bushings:
- front	43.948 – 43.968 mm
- front central	43.567 – 43.587 mm
- rear central	43.186 – 43.206 mm
- rear	42.805 – 42.825 mm
Axial play of the camshaft	0.02 – 0.10 mm
Thickness of camshaft thrust flange:
- red	3.960 – 3.985 mm
- blue	3.986 – 4.011 mm
Camshaft Gasket Thickness:
- red	4.075 – 4.100 mm
- blue	4.101 – 4.125 mm
Cam lift:
- inlet:
2.4 dm³ engine	6.72 mm
engine 2.8 dm³	6.70 mm
2.9 dm³ engine (BRC)	6.72 mm
2.9 dm³ engine (BRD and BRE)	6.54 mm
- graduation	6.6 mm
2.4 dm³ engine	6.72 mm
engine 2.8 dm³	6.60 mm
2.9 dm³ engine (BRC)	6.72 mm
2.9 dm³ engine (BRD and BRE)	6.54 mm
Height of cams:
- inlet:
2.4 dm³ engine	36.08 – 36.25 mm
engine 2.8 dm³	35.995 – 36.165 mm
2.9 dm³ engine (BRC)	36.08 – 36.25 mm
2.9 dm³ engine (BRD and BRE)	36.22 – 36.41 mm
- graduation:
2.4 dm³ engine	36.08 – 36.25 mm
engine 2.8 dm³	35.895 – 36.065 mm
2.9 dm³ engine (BRC)	36.08 – 36.25 mm
2.9 dm³ engine (BRD and BRE)	36.22 – 36.41 mm

Lubrication system

Lubrication under pressure is provided by a rotary oil pump, in the body of which there is a bypass valve.

Minimum oil pressure (at 80°C):
– at 750 rpm.	0.1 MPa
– at 2000 rpm.	2.5 MPa
Bypass valve opening pressure (at 1000 rpm)	0.40 – 0.47 MPa
Oil pressure warning light illumination pressure	0.03 MPa – 0.06 MPa
Engine oil volume in the engine, dm³:
- with filter replacement	4,25
– without filter replacement	4,00

Oil pump

The rotary oil pump, with internal teeth, is driven by the camshaft.

Clearance of gear with internal teeth relative to housing	0.150 – 0.300 mm
Gap between gear teeth	0.05 – 0.20 mm
Axial clearance of gears	0.003 – 0.100 mm

Cooling system

The closed cooling circuit with antifreeze liquid contains a radiator, expansion tank, coolant pump, thermostat and fan.

Radiator and expansion tank

The cross-flow radiator has tanks made of artificial material. The expansion tank is made of transparent material and has markings for the maximum and minimum coolant levels.

Opening pressure of the excess pressure valve in the expansion tank cap

120 – 150 kPa

Coolant pump

The centrifugal coolant pump, located on the front cover of the cylinder block, is driven by a V-belt together with the generator.

Thermostat

Opening start temperature	79° – 83°C
Full opening temperature	102±3°C

Coolant

Quantity	8.6 dm³
Type	a mixture of special antifreeze liquid Ford SSM 97 B 9103 A (50%) and distilled water (50%) provides protection up to -30°C
Replacement frequency	every 60,000 km of vehicle mileage or once every two years

Tightening moments

Main bearing cap bolts	90 – 104 Nm
Connecting rod bolts	26 – 33 Nm
Crankshaft pulley bolt	115 – 130 Nm
Camshaft gear bolt	42 – 50 Nm
Camshaft thrust flange bolts	17 – 21 Nm
Flywheel bolts	67 – 70 Nm
Bolts for fastening the damper to the crankshaft:
- Stage 1	40 – 50 Nm
- 2nd stage	turn 90°
Oil pump mounting bolts	14 – 17 Nm
Oil pump cover bolts	9 – 13 Nm
Oil pan bolts:
- Stage 1	4 – 6 Nm
- 2nd stage	7 – 10 Nm
Oil drain plug in the oil pan	21 – 28 Nm
Oil pressure sensor	12 – 15 Nm
Oil cooler	20 – 40 Nm
Rocker Arm Axle Bolts	62 – 70 Nm
Cylinder head bolts (Torx):
- Stage 1	35 – 40 Nm
- 2nd stage	70 – 75 Nm
– Stage 3 (after 10 – 20 minutes)	turn 90°
Timing system cover to cylinder block	17 – 21 Nm
Timing system cover to intermediate flange	13 – 17 Nm
Intermediate flange to the cylinder block	17 – 21 Nm
Intake manifold	17 – 21 Nm
Exhaust manifold	21 – 25 Nm
Spark plugs	20 – 28 Nm
Thermostat housing	17 – 21 Nm
Cylinder head cover bolts	6 – 8 Nm