Contents: Oil pump ↳ Oil viscosity ↳ All-season oils ↳ Oil with enhanced lubricating… ↳ Viscosity grades and oil usage range ↳ Motor oils ↳
Lubrication under pressure is provided by a gear oil pump. The oil pump takes engine oil from the crankcase and delivers it under pressure to the full-flow oil filter. The safety valve located in the pump regulates the maximum pressure created by the pump. When the pressure created by the pump is exceeded, the valve opens and releases oil into the crankcase. Cleaned oil enters the main oil line through the filter. If the filter is clogged, the pressure-reducing valve opens and some of the oil is directed to the main line without cleaning.
Oil pump
The gear oil pump with built-in pressure reducing valve is installed in the front part of the engine cylinder block and is driven by the engine crankshaft.
Oil viscosity
Viscosity characterizes the fluidity of the oil. The fluidity of the oil changes depending on the temperature. As the temperature increases, the oil becomes more fluid. This worsens the oil's ability to adhere and withstand high contact pressures. When cooling, the oil thickens, fluidity decreases and internal friction increases. Because of this property, it is necessary to use motor oil with a viscosity that changes with temperature within the smallest possible limits.
When starting a cold engine, the oil must be sufficiently liquid so as not to overload the engine excessively and so that after starting the oil quickly penetrates all the places where lubrication is needed. The fluidity of the oil is equivalent to its internal friction and is designated by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) units, for example SAE 30, SAE 10. A high SAE indicator means that the oil is thick, a low one characterizes liquid oil. However, the viscosity of the oil does not fully characterize the lubricating properties of the oil.
All-season oils
In Escort/Orion engines, it is preferable to use all-season oils. The advantage of all-season oils is that they do not need to be selected depending on the season. They are made on the basis of liquid single-season oil (type 10W). When heated, this oil is stabilized by a so-called thickener, which ensures the appropriate lubricating properties of the oil at all temperatures. When using all-season oil, modern grades with a wide temperature range of viscosity should be used, for example 10W-40, 15W-50. The letter W (winter) in the SAE designation characterizes the suitability of the oil for use in winter.
Oil with enhanced lubricating properties
Oils with increased lubricating properties are all-season oils, which, in addition to other additives, contain substances that reduce the friction coefficient, which reduces fuel consumption by 2%. Special starting components (synthetic oils) are used in their production. When buying such oil, you should pay attention to the fact that this oil is approved for use by Ford (indicated on the label).
Viscosity grades and oil usage range
Since the range of use of adjacent SAE classes overlaps, short-term temperature fluctuations can be ignored. Mixing oils of different viscosity classes is allowed if oil topping up is required and the ambient temperature no longer corresponds to the viscosity class of the oil poured into the engine. At long-term outside temperatures below -20°C, it is recommended to fill in SAE 5W-20 oil.
Viscosity grades and oil usage range
Attention! CD motor oils, which the manufacturer designates as oils for diesel engines, are not suitable for gasoline engines. There are oils that can be used in two types of engines, in which case both designations are indicated on the oil container, for example SG/CD.
Attention! Additional additives to oil, regardless of their type and purpose, should not be used.
Motor oils
For modern engines, only HD oils should be used. HD oils are oils with increased lubricating properties, improved by various additives. These additives provide better anti-corrosion protection, more favorable conditions against oxidation, the least tendency to form slags, the best change in viscosity, cleaning and dissolving properties. Cleaning and dissolving additives not only reduce the formation of residues in the engine, but also have the ability to dissolve these residues and all other contaminants in the engine oil and keep them in a suspended state, so that when changing the oil, these contaminants are removed along with the drained oil.
The quality of HD oils is determined by the API (American Petroleum Institute) system. European manufacturers also adhere to this system.
The oil grade is designated by two letters. The first letter characterizes the area of application: S – Service, intended for carburetor engines; C – Commercial, designed for diesel engines.
The second letter identifies the grade of oil in alphabetical order.
The highest grade oils according to API classification are SG for carburetor engines and CD for diesel engines.
| Oil pressure generated by the pump at 80°C: | |
| – at 750 rpm: | |
| • OHV | 0.6 kg/cm² |
| • CVH | 1.0 kg/cm² |
| • diesel engine | 1.3 kg/cm² |
| – at 2000 rpm: | |
| • OHV | 1.5 kg/cm² |
| • CVH | 2.8 kg/cm² |
| • diesel engine | 3.0 kg/cm² |
| Oil type | SAE 10W-30 |
| Oil pressure sensor cut-in pressure | 0.4±0.1 bar |
| Opening pressure of the pressure reducing valve | 2.41 – 2.75 kg/cm² |
| Axial play of the pump rotor | 0.025 – 0.060 mm |
| Engine oil capacity: | |
| – OHV engine 1.1 and 1.3 dm³: | |
| • without changing the filter | 2.75 dm³ |
| • with filter change | 3.25 dm³ |
| – CVH engines manufactured before June 1982: | |
| • without changing the filter | 3.5 dm³ |
| • with filter change | 3.75 dm³ |
| CVH engines manufactured since July 1982: | |
| • without changing the filter | 3.25 dm³ |
| • with filter change | 3.5 dm³ |
| XR3i and Turbo RS engines: | |
| • without changing the filter | 3.6 dm³ |
| • with filter change | 3.85 dm³ |
| Diesel engines: | |
| • without changing the filter | 4.5 dm³ |
| • with filter change | 5.0 dm³ |
| The difference between the maximum and minimum oil level on the oil level gauge | 1 dm³ |
| Oil change intervals | every 10,000 km, but not less than once a year |