Consumers are powered by batteries (with the engine off) and generator (with the engine running).
A feature of the electrical circuit of Ford Mondeo cars is the use of CAN·multiplex buses for data transmission (Controller Area Network) and LIN (Local Interconnect Network).
Due to the increased number of modules and the resulting ever-increasing data traffic, three different CAN bus systems are used. The main difference between these buses lies in the different data rates or applications. In order to be able to distinguish between individual CAN bus systems, bus systems with a high data rate are referred to as high-speed bus systems (HS) CAN bus systems, and lower data rate bus systems as medium speed (MS) CAN bus or multimedia (MM) CAN bus. These buses operate at a lower speed and are mainly used for communication in the field of comfort electronics or in the multimedia system. Two interfaces are used to enable data exchange between HS-CAN, MS-CAN and MM-CAN (gateway). They serve to communicate between the three CAN data bus systems and are respectively installed in the multifunctional electronic module (GEM) and electronic instrument cluster.
The number of modules connected to the three CAN data bus systems depends on the vehicle equipment variant.
Electronic control units communicate via CAN bus (ECU) engine, instrument cluster, ABS and automatic transmission, steering wheel module. The multiplex CAN bus is a twisted pair of wires.
There are two 120 ohm resistors in parallel at the ends of the bus, so the resistance between the bus wires should be about 60 ohms. The system provides high speed data transfer (500 kbps) and allows you to significantly reduce the number of wires in the car.
In addition to CAN buses, LIN buses are used in the circuit, through which the control and data exchange of the radio equipment remote control system module and the tire pressure monitoring system, the outdoor lighting switch unit, the light and rain sensor, headlights, generator, rear door modules, power window control units and central locking.
The CAN buses are connected to the diagnostic connector located under the instrument panel on the left side (inside the storage box, under the hinged lid).
In the event of a malfunction in the CAN buses, the ECUs connected to them at that moment record a fault code in memory.
This code and other trouble codes stored in the memory of electronic units can be read by connecting a scanning device to the diagnostic connector.
A number of electrical circuit elements of Ford Mondeo cars (ceiling lamps for interior lighting, door locks, power windows, heaters for the windshield and rear windows, windshield wipers, etc.) connected through an electronic control unit for the electrical equipment of the passenger compartment and anti-theft alarm (GEM).
The GEM electronic unit is installed under the instrument panel on the right. This block allows you to create a delay in turning on and off electrical devices, as well as changing the duration of a pause in their work, depending on the selected control algorithm.
In addition, in the event of an attempted unauthorized entry into the vehicle, the GEM unit gives an alarm using a siren installed under the hood.
Diagrams of electrical equipment of the car are given at the end of the book.
WARNING: Carry out any work on the vehicle's electrical equipment only with the battery disconnected.
WARNING: Disconnect or connect the battery only when the ignition is off.
WARNING: When checking the circuits of electrical equipment, it is forbidden to short the wires to ground (check the circuits for a spark), as this can lead to failure of electrical components.
WARNING: It is forbidden to use fuses that are not provided for by the vehicle design or designed for a higher current, and also to use wire instead of fuses.
WARNING: When replacing fuses, do not use screwdrivers or metal tools - this can cause a short circuit in electrical equipment circuits.
WARNING: It is forbidden to disconnect the battery while the engine is running; this may cause damage to the voltage regulator and vehicle electronics.
WARNING: In order to avoid failure of the generator rectifier diodes, it is forbidden to check them with a megohmmeter or a test lamp supplied with a voltage of more than 12 V, and check the electrical equipment circuits on the car with these devices without disconnecting the wires from the generator.
WARNING: It is necessary to check the insulation resistance of the generator stator winding with increased voltage on the generator removed from the vehicle, with the stator winding terminals disconnected from the rectifier unit.
WARNING: When carrying out electric welding work on a car, it is necessary to disconnect the wires from the terminals of the battery and the generator, as well as the blocks with wires from the electronic engine control unit.
WARNING: Do not touch ignition system components while the engine is running.
WARNING: Regularly clean the battery terminals and cable lugs from oxides and dirt.
WARNING: When recharging the battery with the charger, disconnect the cable lugs from the battery terminals.
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