Compression stage: the piston moves downwards and forces hydraulic oil through the valve into the space above the piston. The valve parameters determine the resistance (wheel damping) that the working piston must overcome.
Extension stage: the unloaded spring returns the working piston to its initial position. At the same time, the oil displaced above the piston returns through the bottom valve back to the storage. The valve determines the resistance (wheel damping) that the working piston must overcome.
Telescopic shock absorber (cross section): 1 - Upper mount with elastic rubber support. 2 - Protective tube. 3 - Piston rod. 4 - Piston rod guide with gasket. 5 - Working cylinder. 6 - Valves in the piston with elastic valve washers. 7 - Outer tube. 8 - Bottom valve with check valve and elastic valve washers. 9 - Lower mount.