| Cause of malfunction | Method of elimination |
| The starter does not turn on | |
| The battery is faulty | Check the battery |
| Oxidation of battery terminals and cable ends | Clean, secure and lubricate the wire ends and terminals with petroleum jelly |
| Broken contacts in connections, broken wires in power supply and starter control circuits | Check, clean, tighten or replace contact connections in the electrical supply and starter control circuits |
| Malfunction of the ignition switch (lock) | Replace the ignition switch (lock) contact group |
| The traction relay is faulty | Replace the traction relay |
| Starter faulty | Repair the starter |
| The solenoid switch turns on, but the starter armature does not rotate or rotates too slowly | |
| The battery is very low | Charge or replace the battery |
| Oxidation of battery terminals and cable ends | Clean, secure and lubricate the wire ends and terminals with petroleum jelly |
| Weak tightening of nuts securing wire tips to traction relay terminals | Tighten the nuts |
| Starter faulty | Repair the starter |
| The traction relay turns on and then immediately turns off (frequently repeated knocking) | |
| The battery is very low | Charge or replace the battery |
| Increased resistance in starter power supply circuit | Clean and secure the wire ends. Replace any faulty wires |
| The ignition switch (lock) is faulty | Replace the ignition switch (lock) contact group |
| The traction relay is faulty | Replace the traction relay |
| The starter engages but the crankshaft does not rotate | |
| Starter faulty | Repair the starter |
| The starter engages but the gear does not engage | |
| Nicks on the teeth of the drive gear or flywheel ring gear | Remove nicks or replace the flywheel or starter drive |
| The starter does not turn off after the engine starts | |
| The key is stuck in the ignition switch (lock) in the "starter" position* | Repair or replace the mechanical part of the ignition switch (lock) |
| Closing the contacts of the ignition switch (lock) | Replace the ignition switch (lock) contact group |
| Starter faulty | Repair the starter |
| Increased noise level when the starter armature rotates | |
| The starter mount is loose | Tighten the starter mounting bolts |
| The teeth of the starter drive gear or the engine flywheel ring gear are damaged | Replace or repair the starter, replace the engine flywheel |
| Starter faulty | Repair the starter |
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