Engine fault diagnostics (Transit 2)

The engine does not turn over when I try to start it

• The contact with the battery terminals is damaged or dirty (Chapter 1).
• The battery is discharged or faulty (Chapter 5).
• The solenoid or starter switch is faulty (Chapter 5).
• The starter is faulty (Chapter 5).
• Damaged or missing teeth on the starter pinion gear or on the flywheel ring gear (Chapter 5 and 2A).
• The engine ground bus is broken or disconnected (Chapter 5).
• The automatic transmission lever is not in the "park" or "neutral" position or the transmission lock switch is faulty (Chapter 7B).

The starter turns the engine too slowly

• The battery is partially discharged (recharge or use additional) (Chapter 5).
• The contact with the battery terminals is broken or dirty (Chapter 1).
• The battery connection to the body is broken (Chapter 5).
• The starter or traction relay wiring is damaged (Chapter 5).
• Internal starter failure (Chapter 5).

The starter turns quickly, but the engine does not turn over

• Starter faulty (Chapter 5).
• The starter mounting bolts are loose (Chapter 5).

Noise when the starter engages

• Damaged or missing teeth on the starter pinion gear or on the flywheel ring gear (Chapter 5 and 2A).
• Starter mounting bolts are loose or missing (Chapter 5).
• The internal components of the starter are worn or damaged (Chapter 5).

The engine turns over but does not start

• The fuel tank is empty.
• The battery is dead (the engine rotates slowly) (Chapter 5).
• The contact with the battery terminals is broken or dirty (Chapter 1).
• Air in fuel (Chapter 4).
• Formation of paraffin in fuel (in very cold weather).
• The fuel shut-off valve is faulty (Chapter 4).
• Low pressure in engine cylinders (Chapter 2A).
• Malfunction of the fuel system or preheating system (Chapters 4 and 5).
• Serious mechanical failure (for example, the camshaft drive) (Chapter 2A).
• Failure of the anti-theft system (Chapter 12).

The engine starts but stalls

• The pre-heating system is faulty (Chapter 5).
• Air in fuel (Chapter 4).
• Formation of paraffin in fuel (in very cold weather).
• Fuel system malfunction (Chapter 4).

The engine starts poorly in the cold

• The battery is low (Chapter 5).
• The contact with the battery terminals is broken or dirty (Chapter 1).
• Air in fuel (Chapter 4).
• The air filter element is clogged or dirty (Chapter 1).
• Formation of paraffin in fuel (in very cold weather).
• The pre-heating system is faulty.
• Fuel system malfunction of another kind (Chapter 4).
• Low pressure in engine cylinders (Chapter 2A).

The engine starts poorly when it's hot

• The battery is low (Chapter 5).
• The contact with the battery terminals is broken or dirty (Chapter 1).
• The air filter element is clogged or dirty (Chapter 1).
• Air in fuel (Chapter 4).
• Low pressure in engine cylinders (Chapter 2A).

Unstable operation in idle mode

• The idle speed is not adjusted correctly (Chapter 1).
• The air filter element is clogged or dirty (Chapter 1).
• The valve clearances are not adjusted correctly (Chapter 2A).
• Uneven or low pressure in engine cylinders (Chapter 2A).
• The camshaft cams are worn out (Chapter 2A).
• The timing belt is not tensioned correctly (Chapter 2A).
• Incorrect adjustment of the high pressure fuel pump (Chapter 4).

Engine idling irregularities

• Air in fuel (Chapter 4).
• Formation of paraffin in fuel (in very cold weather).
• Fuel system malfunction of another kind (Chapter 4).
• The valve clearances are not adjusted correctly (Chapter 2A).
• Uneven or low pressure in engine cylinders (Chapter 2A).
• Leaking Crankcase Ventilation Hoses (Chapters 1 and 4).
• Incorrect adjustment of the high pressure fuel pump (Chapter 4).

Engine misfires at any speed

• The fuel filter is clogged (Chapter 1).
• The fuel tank drain hole is blocked or the fuel lines are clogged (Chapter 4).
• Uneven or low pressure in engine cylinders (Chapter 2A).
• Incorrect adjustment of the high pressure fuel pump (Chapter 4).

The engine stalls

• The idle speed is not adjusted correctly (Chapter 1).
• The fuel filter is clogged (Chapter 1).
• The fuel tank drain hole is blocked or the fuel lines are clogged (Chapter 4).

Insufficient engine power

• Air in fuel (Chapter 4).
• Incorrect adjustment of the high pressure fuel pump (Chapter 4).
• The timing belt is incorrectly installed or tensioned (Chapter 2A).
• The fuel filter is clogged (Chapter 1).
• Uneven or low pressure in engine cylinders (Chapter 2A).
• Brake drag (Chapters 1 and 9).
• Clutch slippage (Chapter 6).
• Incorrect transmission fluid level (Chapter 1).

Low oil pressure indicator comes on when starting the engine

• Low oil level or incorrect oil type selected (Chapter 1).
• The oil pressure sensor is faulty (Chapter 5).
• The engine bearings or oil pump are worn out (Chapter 2B).
• High engine operating temperature (Chapter 3).
• The pressure reducing valve of the lubrication system is faulty (Chapter 2A).
• The mesh filter of the pan is clogged (Chapter 2A).

Caution: Low oil pressure at idle on a high mileage engine is not necessarily a cause for concern. A sudden loss of pressure at speed is much more significant. In any case, check the low oil pressure sensor before deciding that the engine is faulty.

The engine continues to run after being turned off

• The fuel shut-off valve is faulty (Chapter 4).

Engine noises

Caution: You may be alarmed by diesel engine noise even when there is no fault, so it is prudent to have a specialist diagnose the unusual noise before making any replacements or repairs.

Whistling or hissing

• The manifold gasket is leaking (Chapter 4).
• One of the vacuum hoses is leaking (Chapters 1 and 4).
• The cylinder head gasket is leaking (Chapter 2A).

Rattling or rumbling noise

• The valve clearances are not adjusted correctly (Chapter 2A).
• The valve train or camshaft is worn out (Chapter 2A).
• The piston ring is broken (a sound similar to the ticking of a clock) (Chapter 2B).
• Auxiliary component failure (water pump, alternator, etc.) (Chapters 3 and 5).

Tapping or thumping sounds

• Air in fuel (Chapter 4).
• The drive belt is worn out (Chapter 1).
• Fuel injector (s) clogged or leaking (Chapter 4).
• The connecting rod lower end bearings are worn out (typically a rhythmic tapping sound that decreases as the machine load increases) (Chapter 2B).
• The main bearings are worn out (rumbling and knocking noises, possibly increasing as the machine load increases) (Chapter 2B).
• Valve knocking (more distinct on a cold engine) (Chapter 2B).
• Auxiliary component failure (water pump, alternator, etc.) (Chapters 3 and 5).

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