Do the following:
- inspect the engine from above and below;
- minor oil leaks should not cause concern;
- the appearance of oil stains under the car during parking is a sign of a violation of the tightness of the seals;
- periodically clean the engine with an engine cleaner;
- Take a test drive of several kilometers and check where the oil is escaping.
Possible Leak Locations
Places where oil can leak:
- crankshaft and camshaft seal;
- seals in the cylinder head cover;
- cylinder head gasket;
- oil pressure switch;
- oil filter seal;
- sealing the oil pan;
- rear crankshaft seal (in the engine/transmission case connection).
Bearing damage
The appearance of knocks in the engine compartment, intensifying as the oil warms up, is a consequence of damage to the bearings. The reasons for this may be:
- water in the engine oil as a result of a damaged cylinder head gasket;
- insufficient lubrication due to too low oil level;
- too high rpm on a cold engine (high oil viscosity).
More often than not, connecting rod bearings always fail, less often - main bearings of the crankshaft. If the bearing fails, a serious engine repair is required. But if you determine the damaged connecting rod bearing in time, when the crankshaft journal has not yet received damage, then it is enough to replace its liners.
Identifying a Failed Bearing
In the process of this work, all cylinders in turn briefly «turn off».
Warning: Observe safety regulations when working on high voltage electronic ignition systems. In addition, the engine must not be run with the spark plug tips removed to avoid damage to the control unit.
You need to do the following:
- turn off the ignition;
- Remove one tip of the candle. Instead of a spark plug, insert a nail, screwdriver, or spare spark plug into the free tip. Firmly press this support structure against «mass», it is best to clamp it through the emergency starter cable to the auxiliary battery;
- ask the assistant to start the engine and bring it to high speed;
- if the knock weakens when the tip is removed, then this cylinder corresponds to a faulty bearing;
- turn off the ignition, put on the tip of the spark plug and check the next cylinder in the same way.
If it is not possible to tow the car, you can drive with a damaged bearing at very low speeds to a service station or to a parking place:
- turn off the ignition;
- turn off the cylinder corresponding to the damaged bearing;
- Turn out a spark plug;
- as a result, the load on the bearing through the piston under pressure will decrease;
- to avoid damage to the control unit, the high-voltage wire from the faulty cylinder must be connected to «mass»:
- remove the tip from the wire;
- firmly connect the bare end of the cable to «weight». The high voltage wire must not hang freely in the air when the engine is running;
- on the remaining cylinders, you will no longer be able to gain the usual speed. The engine should run at maximum at medium speeds.
Note: With the engine running and the spark plug removed, air being sucked in and pushed out again through the spark plug hole by the piston will cause a whistling noise. It shouldn't annoy you.
Connecting rod bearing replacement
For this repair, you will need connecting rod bearings - nominal size or repair if the engine has already been repaired once.
Engine break-in
During the first 1,000 km, engine parts (pistons and cylinders; plain bearings and shafts) should work out. At this time, do not give the engine high loads:
- don't give «full throttle»; with an automatic transmission, avoid the position of maximum and sharp pressing of the accelerator pedal.
- set the average speed only when the engine is warm; change gear earlier when the engine is cold;
- with a run of 1000-1500 km, gradually bring the car to the maximum speed, and the engine to the maximum allowable speed.
Rated and maximum speed
The internal combustion engine delivers maximum power at rated speed. Attempts to exceed this frequency do not increase power. High speeds give an advantage only when overtaking.
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