1. The starter does not turn on. Causes: burnout of the F13 fuse in the fuse and relay box installed in the engine compartment, faulty contact connections, open or short circuit in the starter circuits, or a faulty traction relay.
2. When the starter is turned on, multiple clicks are heard. Causes: faulty holding winding of the traction relay, a very discharged battery, loose contact connections in the starter circuit.
3. The starter turns on, but its anchor either does not rotate or rotates slowly. Causes: discharged battery, broken contact connections, burnt contacts of the traction relay, dirty collector or worn brushes, interturn or short circuit in the windings.
4. The starter engages, its anchor rotates, but the flywheel remains stationary. Causes: loosening of the starter fastening to the clutch housing, damage to the flywheel teeth or drive gear, slippage of the freewheel clutch, breakage of the lever, drive ring or buffer spring of the starter drive.
5. The starter does not turn off after starting the engine. Causes: malfunction of the starter freewheel clutch, sintering of the traction relay contacts. In case of such a malfunction, stop the engine immediately!
The above faults require qualified intervention at a car service center or upon arrival at the garage (see section. "Electrical equipment").
As a preliminary step, you can only replace the fuse in the relay unit, check the battery discharge level using a voltmeter (for example, as part of an autotester) and the tightening of the contact connections in the starter circuit.