When the engine is very cold, it may happen that the compression does not reach the ignition temperature. In this case, the engine must be preheated. For this purpose, each swirl chamber has a glow plug that heats the combustion chamber. In addition, the diesel engine contains an element made of expanding material that moves the injection regulator piston in the high-pressure fuel pump to the "earlier" position. As a result, the fuel is injected into the hot air earlier, and the cold engine starts faster. As soon as the engine reaches its operating temperature, the expanding element automatically returns to its original position.
The fuel is sucked in by the high-pressure fuel distributor pump from the fuel tank. The high pressure of approximately 150 bar required for injecting the diesel fuel is created in the fuel pump, and the fuel is distributed according to the firing sequence to the individual cylinders. At the same time, the regulator in the high-pressure fuel pump regulates the injected amount of fuel according to the position of the accelerator pedal. The diesel fuel is injected into the pre-chamber of the corresponding cylinder at the right time via the nozzles. Due to the shape of the pre- and swirl chamber, the sucked air acquires a certain swirl motion during the compression process, as a result of which the injected fuel is optimally mixed with the air.
Before the fuel reaches the high-pressure fuel pump, it passes through the fuel filter. The filter filters out dirt and water. Therefore, it is extremely important to dehydrate and change the fuel filter according to the maintenance instructions.
The high-pressure fuel pump is maintenance-free. All moving parts of the pump are lubricated with diesel fuel. The fuel pump is driven by the crankshaft via a separate toothed belt.
Since the diesel engine, in which self-ignition occurs, is not switched off by the ignition system voltage cut-off device, it is equipped with a magnetic valve. As a result of switching off the ignition, the magnetic valve is cut off from the power supply, the valve closes the fuel channel, and the engine is switched off. When the engine is started, the voltage is again supplied to the magnetic valve, and the valve opens the fuel channel again.
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