The first step is always to check the fuse as it protects the electrical component. The actual location of the fuses can be seen on the imprint located on the cover of the fuse box, see also par. "Replacing fuses".
If necessary, replace the defective fuse and after connecting the electrical consumer, check if it has blown again. In this case, first of all, it is necessary to detect a malfunction and eliminate it, here, as a rule, we are talking about a short circuit.
The second control step: If, with a good fuse, the incandescent lamp does not light, or, accordingly, the electric motor does not work, then the power supply system should be checked.
Incandescent lamp test
Remove and inspect the lamp. If the filament is burned out or the glass bulb sits loosely in the base, then the lamp should be replaced.
In order to determine if the incandescent lamp is working. proceed as follows:
Connect directly to the positive battery terminals (+) and grounding (on the car body) the wire (-) and connect them to the lamp. It does not matter which wires are connected to the lamp. Connect one wire to the conductor, the other to the body of the incandescent lamp. If the lamp still does not light up, replace it.
Note! You must be sure that the contacts on the lamp and lampholder are not corroded. If necessary, clean corroded or bent terminals with sandpaper and make a normal contact.
If the lamp is good, insert it and turn it on. If the lamp does not light up, use a test lamp to check the power supply. To do this, connect the control bulb to the vehicle ground. i.e., one test light wire should be connected to a good case point on the engine (polished metal) or directly to the negative battery terminal. Another test light probe (+) either hold it on a live plug or connect it to a live wire. If now the control lamp lights up, but the lamp still does not burn, then the line connecting the car body to the incandescent lamp is broken. In order to check this, attach an auxiliary wire connected to the car body to the lamp socket. Now the incandescent lamp should light up.
Note! There are lamps that are equipped with only one energized supply line, for example, a parking light, car interior lighting. These lamps are directly connected to the mass of the vehicle through their housing.
If there is no voltage in the current-carrying wire to the lamp and the control lamp does not light up, then it is very likely that the switch is faulty. Check the switch for current flow.
Checking electric motors
In the car, ever-increasing comfort is provided by low-power electric motors. These include, for example, a power window, a sliding roof panel, a centrally operated door lock system or an electrical antenna. If necessary, each electric motor is turned on with a single switch, usually manually. In the case of an electrical antenna, the switch is automatically controlled via a radio receiver.
Check the resistance of the respective motor, replace it if necessary.
Note! Eliminate the cause of overloading the power window and central locking system before reactivating. This can be, for example, frozen glass and locks or dirty grooves of the lowered glass.
If the fuse immediately blows again, this indicates a short circuit.
In order to unambiguously find out if there is a malfunction in the engine, run two auxiliary wires with a diameter of about 2 mm directly from the car battery to the electric motor. Connect the positive wire to the positive pole and the wire connected to the body to the ground pole. In case of doubt, the distribution of poles is determined from the circuit diagram of the electrical installation. If necessary, to do this, you need to disassemble the electric motor. All electric motors in the car are powered by on-board voltage (12 to 14 Volts). If the motor is now running normally, the electrical system was faulty.
Note! A motor that runs too slowly or runs rough may indicate that the electrographite sliding contacts are worn out. In this case, replace these contacts.
If the engine is running, then according to the electrical diagram, determine which supply wire supplies voltage to the electric motor when the switch is activated with the ignition previously turned on.
Using a test light, check the live wire in the motor. Since a large current flows in electric motors. then you can replace the conventional control bulb with an incandescent bulb. These lamps are equipped with pointed test needles that can be used to pierce the connecting wire. In this simple way, you can check the voltage. Motors that rotate left/right alternately, such as power window motors, have two positive terminals.
Attention! Check wiper motor, see resp. chapter.
If voltage is not supplied to the electric motor, then the power supply system is faulty; find a defect in the supply line according to the circuit diagram of electrical equipment and eliminate it. As a rule, due to the high current consumption, electric motors have an additional switching relay, see the corresponding section.
If no fault is found, check the switch.
If the wire is damaged, it is often more rational to lay a new wire, since it is difficult to determine the place of the break under the insulation.
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