General information (Escort 5)

The fuel system consists of a fuel tank mounted under the rear seat, fuel supply lines, an electric fuel pump mounted in the tank and an electronic fuel injection system. Fuel is supplied under pressure from the fuel pump to the fuel rail mounted on top of the intake manifold. The fuel rail acts as a sealed fuel reservoir for the fuel injectors. The volume of fuel injected by the fuel injectors is determined by the engine control unit (ECU) and is divided into two equal stages. The first half of the required fuel is injected into the air before the intake valve is about to open. After the intake valve opens, additional fuel is injected into the air flow that is sucked into the cylinder. In this way, fuel is supplied to both intake valves simultaneously at a certain crankshaft position. Air passes through the air filter and throttle valve and depending on the volume of air passing through, the ECU unit issues appropriate signals to open the fuel injectors.



The idle speed can be adjusted by turning the regulator screw (closed with a plug) in the throttle body. The mixture quality can be adjusted by turning the potentiometer mounted on the partition.



The ECU controls the fuel injection system, ignition and exhaust emission system. The ECU receives information from various sensors and determines engine temperature, vehicle speed, load and the amount of air entering the engine. The sensors also provide information regarding the throttle position, intake air temperature and the oxygen content of the exhaust gases. All the information supplied to the ECU is compared with preset values stored in the ECU memory and determines the required fuel injection period. Information regarding engine speed comes from the crankshaft angle sensor. This is an inductive pulse generator that detects the passage of ridges between 36 holes located on the inside of the flywheel. As each ridge passes the sensor, a signal is induced which is used by the ECU to determine the engine speed. The ridge between holes 35 and 36 is missing and based on the absence of a sensor signal, the ECU determines the position of the crankshaft.

To determine the engine temperature, a sensor is used, which is a thermistor, i.e. a semiconductor whose electrical resistance decreases as the temperature increases. This signal is used to determine the optimal composition of the fuel mixture at a certain engine temperature.

Information about the temperature of the incoming air is determined by a sensor which is a thermistor with a negative temperature coefficient. This information is also used by the ECU to determine the optimal fuel mixture at a certain air temperature. The throttle position sensor is mounted on the end of the throttle shaft and supplies the ECU with a constantly changing signal corresponding to the opening value of the throttle valve.



The vehicle speed is determined by a speed sensor, which is installed on the gearbox speedometer drive.

The absolute pressure sensor measures the vacuum in the intake manifold and sends information to the ECU to determine engine load at a given throttle position. If the vehicle is equipped with power steering, a power steering fluid pressure sensor is used.

An oxygen sensor installed in the exhaust system provides constant feedback that allows the fuel mixture to be adjusted for proper catalytic converter operation.

The material was copied from an information website [FordBook.ru]