Tips for reducing fuel consumption
Normal fuel consumption is a reference number, the actual fuel consumption of a car depends on many factors. Your own driving style plays as big a role as the nature of the road surface or the condition of the engine.
When the required speed is reached, select the highest gear, the car should move with a small engine load. At high engine speeds, the engine should only be run when the traffic situation requires it, such as when overtaking.
An engine idling a stationary vehicle is burning fuel uselessly. An unloaded engine warms up very slowly, resulting in additional fuel consumption and engine wear.
WARNING
Fuel handling
Extreme care must always be taken when handling fuel. Therefore, do not take the maintenance and repair of the power system lightly. First of all, when draining fuel from the fuel tank, the work should be undertaken with extreme caution. Observe the following safety precautions.
1. First, disconnect the wire from the negative battery terminal and securely insulate the terminal.
2. Drain fuel only outdoors. To do this, use a fuel-resistant hand pump (e.g. diaphragm pump). Never attempt to pour fuel through the top opening of the fuel tank (flange for fastening the fuel gauge) or suck it with your mouth with a hose - you can get poisoned by fuel additives.
3. Always have a class B foam fire extinguisher nearby.
4. Never drain fuel in the inspection ditch: fuel vapors are heavier than air and form an explosive mixture in the ditch, which remains for a long time. As a result, an explosion may occur, inhalation of fuel vapors is dangerous to health.
5. Make sure that when working with fuel in the room, electrical appliances are turned off, there are no sources of open flame, heat and sparks.
6. Fuel should only be poured into tightly closed containers with a clear inscription. To do this, use special containers with ignition protection and a plug to compensate for pressure.
7. Even in an empty fuel tank, fuel vapors remain, which are explosive, so be careful. Any repairs to the fuel tank or fuel filler must be carried out by a specialist with experience in hazardous work. Even after cleaning and flushing the fuel tank, there are explosive fuel vapors in it. The removed fuel tank must be located away from open flames, sparking devices, open fire hazardous lighting fixtures and smoking areas.
TECHNICAL DICTIONARY
Fuel
Gasoline Normal/Super.
Almost identical in terms of purification, evaporation (important for flammability) and energy balance (heat of combustion per kilogram of fuel). The decisive difference: the knock resistance of Super petrol is higher than that of Normal petrol.
Diesel fuel.
Contains mainly hydrocarbons with a boiling point of 180 to 370°C. In a diesel engine, fuel ignition occurs spontaneously without external influence and with a minimum delay when it is injected into hot compressed air in the combustion chamber. The flammability of a fuel is measured by its cetane number. The cetane number is determined by the ignition delay period on a special installation. The higher the cetane number, the higher the fuel's ability to self-ignite.
Summer/winter diesel fuel.
Summer diesel fuel according to the norm
DIN 51 601 is supplied to gas stations from spring to autumn without additives that improve fluidity. Therefore, already at a slight negative temperature, paraffin crystallizes from it and clogs the fuel lines along with the filter. Therefore, in the off-season, diesel fuel with a low content of additives to improve fluidity enters the market. It withstands low temperatures down to -10°C. DIN winter diesel fuel remains fluid down to -12°C, but in practice this fuel can be used at temperatures down to -22°C.
Detonation resistance.
An important characteristic of gasoline is knock resistance, which is indicated by the octane number. Gasolines with a higher octane rating are characterized by greater resistance to detonation. Increasing the compression ratio of the air-fuel mixture makes it easier for it to ignite spontaneously in the combustion chamber if the fuel is not sufficiently resistant to detonation. When the engine is running on fuel with a low octane number, various sounds are heard that occur in the engine when the fuel detonates. Knocking occurs when the speed of flame propagation in the combustion chamber approaches the speed of sound, generally towards the end of the combustion process. Then the residual gases are sufficiently compressed, they are characterized by a high temperature. Detonation is characterized by very high pressure.
If you mistakenly fill the fuel tank of your car with Normal gasoline, disconnect the service connector of the octane number adjuster and do not operate the engine at maximum speeds. The engine should only run at medium speed, and after the next refueling with the recommended fuel, do not forget to connect the service connector.
Octane number.
The octane number is used to indicate knock resistance. International standards provide two methods for determining the octane number: research - ROZ (Research-Oktan-Zahl) and motor - MOZ (Motor-Oktan-Zahl). The octane number obtained by the research method characterizes the detonation resistance of gasolines when used in engines operating in unstable conditions. The octane number obtained by the motor method characterizes the knock resistance of gasolines at high values of the engine crankshaft speed. The European standard EN 228 defines the requirements for unleaded fuel, which is widely used in European countries.
cetane number.
An artificial number used in the laboratory indicates the flammability of diesel fuel. The higher the cetane number, the higher the fuel's ability to self-ignite. A cetane number of 100 corresponds to highly flammable cetane, and a cetane number of 0 corresponds to relatively slowly flammable methylnaphthalene.
The cetane number indicates how much (in percentages) must be cetane mixed with methylnaphthalene to have the same flammability as the measured fuel. In diesel fuel, it should be 45.
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