As long as the oil level is between the marks «Min» And «Max» level indicator, there is no reason to top up the oil. Depending on the engine version, the amount of engine oil between the upper and lower marks of the indicator is 0.5–1.0 liters. It is not recommended to fill in oil above the upper mark on the indicator, as a large amount of it damages the crankshaft sealing rings, enters the combustion chamber through the crankcase ventilation system and burns out in it.
Engine oil reduces friction between sliding surfaces, which reduces wear on pistons with piston rings, cylinders, bearings and valve train parts.
Engine oil is also used for micro-sealing between pistons, piston rings and cylinder walls, as there is always a gap of a few microns between these parts. Thanks to the additional sealing action of the oil, the high gas pressure resulting from combustion is transferred without loss to the piston crown and converted into kinetic energy. In this way, optimum engine power is achieved.
In order for the oil film to fulfill its purpose, the oil circulates in a filigree labyrinth of pipes, channels and openings. The oil pump plays an important role in oil circulation. Through a pipe, it sucks oil from the oil pan and, under pressure, through the oil filter supplies purified oil to the lubrication system.
Pic. 5.1. Engine oil circulation in the Zetec-SE engine: 1 - oil channel to the cylinder head and valve mechanism; 2 - oil channel from the oil pump to the oil filter; 3 - suction oil pipe; 4 - channels for the return oil supply to the oil pan; 5 - main oil channel; 6 - oil channel to the main bearings of the crankshaft; 7 - flange for oil filter
As soon as the microscopically thin paper plates of the filter become clogged and no longer allow oil to pass through, it must be replaced. In the Fiesta, the oil filter is located in the main oil circulation channel.
Regular oil filter change
The oil filter must be changed every time the engine oil is changed. And although clogged oil filters pass oil through the bypass valve into the engine lubrication system, uncleaned oil contributes to the rapid wear of all parts - primarily in the cylinders and the crank mechanism. Engine oil is supplied through the holes in the cylinder block and crankshaft to all lubrication points, in the cylinder head to the liners and bearings of the gas distribution mechanism. Then, through the return channels, the oil enters the oil sump of the oil pan, where its path to the engine begins again. Oil circulation occurs all the time while the engine is running.
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