Wiring color codes
When understanding wire diagrams, use the following alphabetical code to determine the color of the wires being tested:
- B - black
- BR - brown
- DB blue
- DG - dark green
- GY - gray
- LB - blue
- LG - light green
- N - natural
- (H) strokes
- O - orange
- P - magenta
- RK - pink
- R - red
- T - reddish brown
- W - white
- Y - yellow
Note: the presence of marks on the wire is indicated by the second color "H" - for strokes or "D" - for points. If there is no letter designation, stripes are assumed.
If several elements or circuits fail at the same time, then the problem is most likely in the fuses or grounding, since often several circuits are shorted to one fuse or one ground. Visually check the condition of all fuses, wires, contacts in a suspicious circuit before diagnosing it.
The main instruments necessary for diagnosing electrical circuits are a tester, a digital voltmeter with high resistance (10 kOhm), conductivity tester and connecting wires with internal circuit breaker for electrical components. Before determining the location of a circuit break or the cause of its failure with the help of electrical testing devices, using a wire diagram, you should decide where to make the necessary connections.
Voltage Tests
If the circuit is not functioning properly, check the voltage first.
Note: Be aware that some circuits are only energized when the ignition key is turned to "included" or "ready to turn on".
Short circuit detection
Remove the fuse and connect a voltmeter or test light instead. There will be no voltage in the circuit. Watching the control light, move the wires from side to side.
If the light comes on, there is a short circuit somewhere.
Grounding check
To verify that the element is properly grounded, a circuit test must be performed.
Conductivity test
Continuity test detects open circuits (does the circuit conduct electricity). With circuit off (No voltage The conductivity test can be carried out with a tester with an automatic power supply.
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